Sinapine-enriched rapeseed oils reduced fatty liver formation in high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6J mice.

Oil enrichment with trace amounts of components has significant effects on animal nutrition and health. In this work, the potential impact of sinapine, a trace amount of polyphenol naturally present in rapeseeds, was investigated in high-fat diet (HF)-fed C57BL/6J mice. The mice were fed with different diets including chow diet (LF), HF diet, rapeseed oil-containing HF diet (RO), and rapeseed oils enriched with sinapine (500 mg kg oil, high-fat diet, RP) for 12 weeks.

Effects of polar compounds in fried palm oil on liver lipid metabolism in C57 mice.

Polar components (PCs) are produced during the frying of oil, affecting the quality of edible oil and posing a hazard to human health. In this study, C57 mice were fed a high-fat (HF) diet containing purified PCs for nine weeks. Their effects on lipid metabolism and liver function in animals were analyzed.

Evaluation of the functional quality of rapeseed oil obtained by different extraction processes in a Sprague-Dawley rat model.

The nutritional function of vegetable oil is influenced by different oil extraction methods. In this study, the effects of different processing techniques on the quality of rapeseed oil and animal lipid metabolism were evaluated. Results showed that rapeseed oil obtained by the aqueous enzymatic extraction (AEE) method had the highest polyphenol (152.

Correction: Lipid composition modulates the intestine digestion rate and serum lipid status of different edible oils: a combination of in vitro and in vivo studies.

Correction for 'Lipid composition modulates the intestine digestion rate and serum lipid status of different edible oils: a combination of in vitro and in vivo studies' by Zhan Ye et al., Food Funct., 2019, DOI: 10.

Extraction Technology Can Impose Influences on Peanut Oil Functional Quality: A Study to Investigate the Lipid Metabolism by Sprague-Dawley Rat Model.

In this study, peanut oil was prepared by cold pressing (temperature under 60 °C), hot pressing (temperature above 105 °C), and enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction technology. Influences of an extraction technology on the oil fatty acid composition and the content of minor bioactive compounds, including tocopherols, polyphenols, and squalene, were investigated in detail. High-fat-diet Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat model was then established to probe the impact of cold-pressed peanut oil (CPO), hot-pressed peanut oil (HPO), and enzyme-assisted aqueous-extracted peanut oil (EAO) on lipid metabolism outcomes, to explore influences of different extraction technologies on lipid functional quality.

Lipid composition modulates the intestine digestion rate and serum lipid status of different edible oils: a combination of in vitro and in vivo studies.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the connections between lipid compositions and the digestion and absorption differences of different lipids. Five typical edible oils (palm oil, PO; leaf lard oil, LO; rapeseed oil, RO; sunflower oil, SO; linseed oil, LINO) were selected to conduct in vitro digestion experiments considering the lipid digestion extent and hydrolysis rate before analyzing the fatty acid composition and TAG profiles using GC and UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Meanwhile, the postprandial lipid absorption status after gavage administration was examined in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats with respect to serum lipid profiles.

Influence of total polar compounds on lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells.

Background: Recently, the harmful effects of frying oil on health have been gradually realized. However, as main components of frying oils, biochemical effects of total polar compounds (TPC) on a cellular level were underestimated.

Methods: The effects of total polar compounds (TPC) in the frying oil on the lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and cytotoxicity of HepG2 cells were investigated through a series of biochemical methods, such as oil red staining, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), cell apoptosis and cell arrest.

Fatty acid profiles of typical dietary lipids after gastrointestinal digestion and absorbtion: A combination study between in-vitro and in-vivo.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the influences of dietary lipid composition on the gastrointestinal digestion and postprandial serum lipid profiles, and the connections between them. The in-vitro digestion results showed that maximum free fatty acid (FFA) release level of different lipid samples was PO (Palm oil) > RO (Rapeseed oil) > LINO (Linseed oil) > SO (Sunflower oil) > LO (Lard oil), and the first-order kinetics apparent rate constant was PO > SO ≈ RO > LO ≈ LINO, this may probably be ascribed to their specific lipid fatty acid composition and TAG structure. The individual FFA released during 240 min in-vitro digestion time was measured, and it showed that the release rate of short-chain saturated fatty acids (e.

Visualized phase behavior of binary blends of coconut oil and palm stearin.

The graded blends of coconut oil (CNO) and palm stearin (POs) phase behavior was studied in the present work, by using pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance (p-NMR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray scattering (XRD). The kinetic phase diagram which was fitting to DSC data by polynomial equation (R > 0.95), indicated that the CNO-POs binary blends displayed monotectic behavior.

Digestion fates of different edible oils vary with their composition specificities and interactions with bile salts.

The digestion fates of different edible oils are different. The objective of this study was to understand the influences of lipid composition on their digestion fates, and investigate the roles of bile salts (BS) played in emulsified lipid system (whey protein isolate as emulsifier) in the in-vitro small intestine digestion stage. Three typical oils (palm oil (PO), rapeseed oil (RO) and linseed oil (LINO)) were chosen.

Triglyceride Structure Modulates Gastrointestinal Digestion Fates of Lipids: A Comparative Study between Typical Edible Oils and Triglycerides Using Fully Designed in Vitro Digestion Model.

Three typical edible oils (palm oil, PO; leaf lard oil, LO; rapeseed oil, RO) and triacylglycerols (TAGs) (glycerol tripalmitate, GTP; glycerol tristearate, GTS; glycerol trioleate, GTO) were selected to conduct digestion experiments using fully designed in vitro digestion model. The evolutions in mean particle diameter, ζ-potential, and microstructural changes during different digestion stages were investigated. Free fatty acid (FFA) release extent and kinetics were monitored by pH-Stat method.

Influence of indigenous minor components on fat crystal network of fully hydrogenated palm kernel oil and fully hydrogenated coconut oil.

Purification of triglycerides from fully hydrogenated palm kernel oil (FHPKO) and fully hydrogenated coconut oil (FHCNO) was performed by a chromatographic method. Lipid composition, thermal properties, polymorphism, isothermal crystallization behaviour, nanostructure and microstructure of FHPKO, FHPKO-triacylglycerol (TAG), FHCNO and FHCNO-TAG were evaluated. Removal of minor components had no effect on triglycerides composition.

Non-triglyceride components modulate the fat crystal network of palm kernel oil and coconut oil.

PKO and CNO are composed of 97-98% triacylglycerols and 2-3% minor non-triglyceride components (FFA, DAG and MAG). Triglycerides were separated from minor components by chromatographic method. The lipid composition, thermal properties, polymorphism, isothermal crystallization behavior, nanostructure and microstructure of PKO, PKO-TAG, CNO and CNO-TAG were evaluated.

Effects of Antarctic krill oil on lipid and glucose metabolism in C57BL/6J mice fed with high fat diet.

Background: Obesity and other metabolic diseases have become epidemic which greatly affect human health. Diets with healthy nutrition are efficient means to prevent this epidemic occurrence. Novel food resources and process technology were needed for these purpose.

Effects of frying oils' fatty acids profile on the formation of polar lipids components and their retention in French fries over deep-frying process.

The effects of frying oils' fatty acids profile on the formation of polar components and their retention in French fries and corresponding deep-fried oils were investigated in the present study, using oils with different fatty acids composition. Our analysis showed that the total polar compounds (TPCs) content in French fries was only slightly lower than that in deep-fried oils, indicating that there was no significant difference considering the amounts of TPCs in French fries and deep-fried oils. Our further analysis showed that different polar components in TPCs distributed differently in deep-fried oils and oils extracted from French fries.

Effect of temperature on thermal oxidation of palmitic acid studied by combination of EPR spin trapping technique and SPME-GC-MS/MS.

Effect of temperatures on thermal oxidation of palmitic acid was studied by the combination of EPR and GC-MS/MS. DMPO was used as the spin trap. The experimental spectrum was simulated with alkyl and alkoxyl spin adducts.

Effect of water content on thermal oxidation of oleic acid investigated by combination of EPR spectroscopy and SPME-GC-MS/MS.

Promotion of water to the thermal oxidation of oleic acid was detected by the combination of EPR, SPME-GC-MS/MS and GC. Spin-trapping technique was used to identify and quantify the radical species formed during thermal oxidation of oleic acid by using DMPO as electron spin trap. The most abundant radical species were identified as DMPO-alkyl radical adducts.

Effects of Polar Compounds Generated from the Deep-Frying Process of Palm Oil on Lipid Metabolism and Glucose Tolerance in Kunming Mice.

In the present study, effects of deep-fried palm oil, specifically polar compounds generated during the frying process, on animal health including lipid and glucose metabolism and liver functions were investigated. Kunming mice were fed a high-fat diet containing deep-fried palm oil or purified polar compounds for 12 weeks. Their effects on animal health including hepatic lipid profile, antioxidant enzyme activity, serum biochemistry, and glucose tolerance were analyzed.

The Growth of SGC-7901 Tumor Xenografts Was Suppressed by Chinese Bayberry Anthocyanin Extract through Upregulating KLF6 Gene Expression.

To investigate the antitumor effect of anthocyanins extracted from Chinese bayberry fruit ( Sieb. et Zucc.), a nude mouse tumor xenograft model was established.

High-efficiency sample preparation approach to determine acrylamide levels in high-fat foods.

An improved sample preparation method was developed to enhance acrylamide recovery in high-fat foods. Prior to concentration, distilled deionized water was added to protect acrylamide from degradation, resulting in a higher acrylamide recovery rate from fried potato chips. A Chrome-Matrix C18 column (2.

Analysis of skeletal muscle gene expression patterns and the impact of functional capacity in patients with systolic heart failure.

Background: Declining physical function is common among systolic heart failure (HF) patients and heralds poor clinical outcomes. We hypothesized that coordinated shifts in expression of ubiquitin-mediated atrophy-promoting genes are associated with muscle atrophy and contribute to decreased physical function.

Methods: Systolic HF patients (left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] ≤40%) underwent skeletal muscle biopsies (nondominant vastus lateralis) and comprehensive physical assessments.

Expression of the irisin precursor FNDC5 in skeletal muscle correlates with aerobic exercise performance in patients with heart failure.

Background: Exercise-induced increase in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) expression has been shown to increase the expression of the fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5) gene and thereby its product, irisin, in mice. Given that exercise intolerance is a hallmark characteristic of heart failure (HF), and because PGC-1α and irisin promote exercise benefits in animals, we hypothesized that expression of these genes relates to aerobic performance in patients with HF.

Methods And Results: Systolic HF (left ventricular ejection fraction ≤40%) patients underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing to evaluate aerobic performance.

Atrogin-1 affects muscle protein synthesis and degradation when energy metabolism is impaired by the antidiabetes drug berberine.

Objective: Defects in insulin/IGF-1 signaling stimulate muscle protein loss by suppressing protein synthesis and increasing protein degradation. Since an herbal compound, berberine, lowers blood levels of glucose and lipids, we proposed that it would improve insulin/IGF-1 signaling, blocking muscle protein losses.

Research Design And Methods: We evaluated whether berberine ameliorates muscle atrophy in db/db mice, a model of type 2 diabetes, by measuring protein synthesis and degradation in muscles of normal and db/db mice treated with or without berberine.

Atrogin-1 and MuRF1 regulate cardiac MyBP-C levels via different mechanisms.

Aims: Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC) is frequently caused by cardiac myosin-binding protein C (cMyBP-C) gene mutations, which should result in C-terminal truncated mutants. However, truncated mutants were not detected in myocardial tissue of FHC patients and were rapidly degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) after gene transfer in cardiac myocytes. Since the diversity and specificity of UPS regulation lie in E3 ubiquitin ligases, we investigated whether the muscle-specific E3 ligases atrogin-1 or muscle ring finger protein-1 (MuRF1) mediate degradation of truncated cMyBP-C.

Mechanisms involved in 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate-mediated inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in skeletal muscle.

Although it is well known that catecholamines inhibit skeletal muscle protein degradation, the molecular underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study was undertaken to investigate the role of beta(2)-adrenoceptors (AR) and cAMP in regulating the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) in skeletal muscle. We report that increased levels of cAMP in isolated muscles, promoted by the cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor isobutylmethylxanthine was accompanied by decreased activity of the UPS, levels of ubiquitin-protein conjugates, and expression of atrogin-1, a key ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in muscle atrophy.