Treating nitrobenzene (NB) wastewater via an enhanced iron‒manganese oxides electron transfer strategy: Methods and mechanisms.

Nitrobenzene (NB) is widely used in the fine chemical, pharmaceutical, and textile industries, but its toxicity and resistance to degradation present challenges, and traditional treatment methods are limited due to costs and a lack of efficiency. In this study, using a three-dimensional biofilm electrode reactor (3D-BER) enhanced with iron-manganese oxide catalysts was explored for the treatment of NB wastewater. Modifying polyurethane (PU) sponge fillers with Fe₃O₄ and Mn₃O₄ improved the conductivity and microbial electron transfer of the 3D-BER, significantly enhancing organic compound degradation, nitrogen and phosphorus removal.