Gender differences of neurometabolic and neuroendocrine alternations and its lateralization in adolescents with major depressive disorder.

Background: The clinical characteristics of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adolescents show notable gender-related differences, but the cause of these differences is still not understood. The current research concentrates on the changes in neurometabolism and neuroendocrine function, aiming to identify differences in endocrine function and brain metabolism between male and female adolescents with MDD.

Methods: A total of 121 teenagers diagnosed with MDD (43 males and 78 females) were enlisted as participants.

AEGAN-Pathifier: a data augmentation method to improve cancer classification for imbalanced gene expression data.

Background: Cancer classification has consistently been a challenging problem, with the main difficulties being high-dimensional data and the collection of patient samples. Concretely, obtaining patient samples is a costly and resource-intensive process, and imbalances often exist between samples. Moreover, expression data is characterized by high dimensionality, small samples and high noise, which could easily lead to struggles such as dimensionality catastrophe and overfitting.

Association Between Treatment-Related Adverse Event Trajectory and Prognosis in Esophageal Cancer Receiving Neoadjuvant Immunochemotherapy.

Background: Immunochemotherapy is inevitably accompanied with treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs). However, TRAEs are typically assessed at a single time point, overlooking the complexity of TRAE trajectories over time. This study aimed to characterize TRAE trajectories during multi-cycle neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy (nICT) and identify potential prognostic factors for patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

Combined effect of triglyceride-glucose index and atherogenic index of plasma on cardiovascular disease: a national cohort study.

The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and the Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) are both predictors of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, their combined and individual contributions to CVD risk are not well understood. This study evaluate the joint and individual associations of the TyG index and AIP with CVD events in middle-aged and older Chinese adults.

Integrating EPSOSA-BP neural network algorithm for enhanced accuracy and robustness in optimizing coronary artery disease prediction.

Coronary artery disease represents a formidable health threat to middle-aged and elderly populations worldwide. This research introduces an advanced BP neural network algorithm, EPSOSA-BP, which integrates particle swarm optimization, simulated annealing, and a particle elimination mechanism to elevate the precision of heart disease prediction models. To address prior limitations in feature selection, the study employs single-hot encoding and Principal Component Analysis, thereby enhancing the model's feature learning capability.

Enhancing active fire detection in Sentinel 2 imagery using GLCM texture features in random forest models.

The array of wildfire activities instigated by human endeavors has emerged as a significant source of atmospheric pollution, posing considerable risks to both public health and property safety. This study harnesses Sentinel-2 satellite data, employing a variety of methods including spectral index methods, thresholding, and the Random Forest (RF) model for active fire spot detection. The research encompasses a wide range of land cover types across various Chinese regions.

Adipocyte-derived ferroptotic signaling mitigates obesity.

Ferroptosis is characterized as an iron-dependent and lipophilic form of cell death. However, it remains unclear what role ferroptosis has in adipose tissue function and activity. Here, we find a lower ferroptotic signature in the adipose tissue of individuals and mice with obesity.

Diisooctyl phthalate (DIOP) exposure leads to cell apoptosis to HUVEC cells and toxicity to Caenorhabditis elegans through increasing the oxidative stress.

Diisooctyl phthalate (DIOP), a common phthalate plasticizer, is frequently encountered in everyday life. Despite its widespread use, there is a dearth of toxicological research on DIOP, resulting in incomplete knowledge of its potential harmful effects. Our current research endeavored to provide a comprehensive evaluation of DIOP's toxicological profile using both cellular and Caenorhabditis elegans models as our in vitro and in vivo study subjects.

Salt added at the table, APOE genotype and incident dementia.

Background: The frequency of salt added at the table (i.e., to food after it has been prepared, during consumption) could reflect an individual's long-term dietary preference and habitual intake in Western countries.

How to Encourage the Public to Help People With Dementia in the Community: A Scoping Review.

Background: In a response to the lack of public awareness of dementia, 'ageing in place' and 'dementia-friendly community' policies have been proposed, and a number of relevant studies have been carried out.

Aim: To map the evidence of public help for people with dementia in the community.

Design: A scoping review.

Configurations associated with the efficiency of the ophthalmology departments in public hospitals of Central South China.

Background: Improving the efficiency of ophthalmology service is a global challenge to fight vision impairment, yet there is little concrete evidence of the current efficiency status. This study aimed to examine the efficiency of ophthalmology departments in the Hunan Province, China, and determine the associating factors of low-efficiency and high-efficiency ophthalmology departments.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included a province-level survey of ophthalmology departments of public hospitals.

Nitrate-Photolysis Shortens the Lifetimes of Brown Carbon Tracers from Biomass Burning.

Biomass burning is an important source of brown carbon (BrC) aerosols, which influence climate by affecting the Earth's radiative balance. However, the transformation pathways of BrC chromophores, especially in the presence of photochemically active species, such as nitrate, are not well understood. In this study, the nitrate-mediated aqueous-phase photooxidation of three typical BrC chromophores from biomass burning was investigated, including 4-nitrocatechol, 3-nitrosalicylic acid, and 3,4-dinitrophenol.

Sativene-Related Sesquiterpenoids with Phytotoxic and Plant-Promoting Activities from the Plant Pathogenic Fungus Based on a Molecular Networking Strategy.

Sativene-related sesquiterpenoids including -sativene analogs are a large member of fungal secondary metabolites with phytotoxic and growth-promoting effects on different plants. In this report, a series of sativene-related sesquiterpenoids with diverse carbon skeletons (-, sativene/isosativene/-sativene/cyclosativene/-isosativene ring systems) were isolated from the plant pathogenic fungus based on a molecular networking strategy. The undescribed structures were elucidated based on NMR spectra, X-ray diffraction analysis, chemical derivation, and calculated electronic circular dichroism calculations.

Standard: Human gastric cancer organoids.

Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies with poor prognosis. The use of organoids to simulate gastric cancer has rapidly developed over the past several years. Patient-derived gastric cancer organoids serve as in vitro models that closely mimics donor characteristics, offering new opportunities for both basic and applied research.

Healthy lifestyle and metabolic associated steatotic liver disease: a study of the efficacy of fatty liver regression.

Background: Obesity is the primary cause of metabolic associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Healthy lifestyle management has potential value in the treatment of MASLD.

Methods: A total of 150 patients with MASLD diagnosed at the Health Management Center of our hospital were enrolled and randomly divided into a traditional treatment (control group, n=75) and healthy lifestyle group (observation group, n=75).

Efficient radiolabeling of mesoporous silica nanoparticles for single-cell PET imaging.

Purpose: Nanoparticles are highly efficient vectors for ferrying contrast agents across cell membranes, enabling ultra-sensitive in vivo tracking of single cells with positron emission tomography (PET). However, this approach must be fully characterized and understood before it can be reliably implemented for routine applications.

Methods: We developed a Langmuir adsorption model that accurately describes the process of labeling mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNP) with Ga.

Larvae Meal Enhances Immune Response by Improving Serum Immunoglobulin, Intestinal Barrier and Gut Microbiota of Sichuan White Geese After Avian Influenza Vaccination.

Larvae Meal (HILM) has been observed to enhance growth performance and immune function, yet the effects and mechanisms in geese remain less understood. Experiment I included 64 Sichuan White Geese to investigate the optimal additive amount of HILM in diet, and experiment II included 32 Sichuan White Geese to access serum immunoglobulin, spleen immune-related genes, intestinal morphology and gut microbiota at the optimal additive amount of HILM. The results showed that the addition of 1% HILM significantly increased the ADG of Sichuan White Geese ( < 0.

Oral microbiota as a biomarker for predicting the risk of malignancy in indeterminate pulmonary nodules: a prospective multicenter study.

Background: Determining the benign or malignant status of indeterminate pulmonary nodules (IPN) with intermediate malignancy risk is a significant clinical challenge. Oral microbiota-lung cancer interactions have qualified oral microbiota as a promising non-invasive predictive biomarker in IPN.

Materials And Methods: Prospectively collected saliva, throat swabs, and tongue coating samples from 1040 IPN patients and 70 healthy controls across three hospitals.

The 2024 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine: microRNA Takes Center Stage.

The Journal Editorial Board Members would like to congratulate Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun, who were jointly awarded the 2024 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their groundbreaking discovery of microRNAs and the role of microRNAs in post-transcriptional gene regulation, uncovering a previously unknown layer of gene control in eukaryotes [...

Effect of Bias Voltage on the Microstructure and Photoelectric Properties of W-Doped ZnO Films.

W-doped ZnO (WZO) films were deposited on glass substrates by using RF magnetron sputtering at different substrate bias voltages, and the relationships between microstructure and optical and electrical properties were investigated. The results revealed that the deposition rate of WZO films first decreased from 8.8 to 7.

Multifunctional SERS Chip for Biological Application Realized by Double Fano Resonance.

The in situ and label-free detection of molecular information in biological cells has always been a challenging problem due to the weak Raman signal of biological molecules. The use of various resonance nanostructures has significantly advanced Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) in signal enhancement in recent years. However, biological cells are often immersed in different formulations of culture medium with varying refractive indexes and are highly sensitive to the temperature of the microenvironment.

Platinum Compound on Gold-Magnesia Hybrid Structure: A Theoretical Investigation on Adsorption, Hydrolysis, and Interaction with DNA Purine Bases.

Cisplatin-based platinum compounds are important clinical chemotherapeutic agents that participate in most tumor chemotherapy regimens. Through density-functional theory calculations, the formation and stability of the inorganic oxide carrier, the mechanisms of the hydrolysis reaction of the activated platinum compound, and its binding mechanism with DNA bases can be studied. The higher the oxidation state of Pt (II to IV), the more electrons transfer from the magnesia-gold composite material to the platinum compound.

Research on the Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Strengthening Mechanism of Nanocrystalline Al-Mo Alloy Films.

In this work, the Al-Mo nanocrystalline alloy films with Mo contents ranging from 0-10.5 at.% were prepared via magnetron co-sputtering technology.

Intracellular and Extracellular Metabolic Response of the Lactic Acid Bacterium Under Salt Stress.

Background: is a member of the lactic acid bacterium group commonly found in many salt-fermented foods. Strains of isolated from high-salinity environments have been shown to tolerate salt stress to some extent. However, the specific responses and mechanisms of under salt stress are not fully understood.

Effects of Acute Salinity Stress on the Histological and Bacterial Community Structure and Function in Intestine of .

This study focused on and conducted stress experiments at salinity levels of 20‱ and 40‱. Intestinal histological changes and the structural characteristics of the intestinal flora of under salinity stress were analyzed. The results show that acute salinity stress inflicts varying degrees of damage to the intestinal tissues of .