Tertiary lymphoid structures as a potential prognostic biomarker for combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma.

Background: Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CCA), as a rare primary hepatic tumor, is challenging to accurately assess in terms of the clinical outcomes and prognostic risk factors in patients. This study aimed to clarify the function of tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) status in predicting the outcome of cHCC-CCA and to preliminarily explore the possible mechanism of TLS formation.

Methods: The TLSs, with different spatial distributions and densities, of 137 cHCC-CCA were quantified, and their association with prognosis was assessed by Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analyses.

Low expression and Hypermethylation of ATP2B1 in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Correlated With Cold Tumor Microenvironment.

Background: The efficacy of current therapeutic schedule is limited owing to fibroproliferative tumor microenvironment (TME) of cholangiocarcinoma, compelling a search for new therapeutic targets.

Methods: Gene expression profiles and methylation profiles were obtained from UCSC Xena. Consensus clustering was performed on the transcriptome data of cholangiocarcinoma to determine the different immune subtypes.