Modeling, applications and challenges of inner ear organoid.

More than 6% of the world's population is suffering from hearing loss and balance disorders. The inner ear is the organ that senses sound and balance. Although inner ear disorders are common, there are limited ways to intervene and restore its sensory and balance functions.

[The value of HRCT in predicting cerebrospinal fluid gusher during cochlear implantation].

To investigate the predictive value of temporal bone high-resolution CT（HRCT） multiplanar reconstruction（MPR） for cerebrospinal fluid（CSF） gusher during cochlear implantation in patients with inner ear malformation. The clinical data of 33 patients（36 ears） with inner ear malformation who underwent cochlear implantation were retrospectively analyzed. The predictive value of HRCT for cerebrospinal fluid gusher during cochlear implantation was evaluated.

Planar Cell Polarity in the Multiciliated Epithelial Lining of the Mouse Eustachian Tube.

Objectives: Planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling, essential for uniform alignment and directional beating of motile cilia, has been investigated in multiciliated epithelia. As a complex structure connecting the middle ear to the nasopharynx, the eustachian tube (ET) is important in the onset of ear-nose-throat diseases. However, PCP signaling, including the orientation that is important for ciliary motility and clearance function in the ET, has not been studied.

The Chinese Zodiac-in-Noise Test: An Internet-Based Speech-in-Noise Test for Large-Scale Hearing Screening.

Objectives: Motivated by the growing need for hearing screening in China, the present study has two objectives. First, to develop and validate a new test, called the Chinese Zodiac-in-noise (ZIN) test, for large-scale hearing screening in China. Second, to conduct a large-scale remote hearing screening in China, using the ZIN test developed.

The role of Espin in the stereocilia regeneration and protection in Atoh1-overexpressed cochlear epithelium.

Hair cells (HCs) in mammals cannot spontaneously regenerate after damage. Atoh1 overexpression can promote HC regeneration in the postnatal cochlea, but the regenerated HCs do not possess the structural and functional characteristics of HCs in situ. The stereocilia on the apical surface of HCs are the first-level structure for sound conduction, and regeneration of functional stereocilia is the key basis for the reproduction of functional HCs.

Rps14 upregulation promotes inner ear progenitor proliferation and hair cell regeneration in the neonatal mouse cochlea.

Sensorineural hearing loss a result from hair cell damage, which is irreversible in mammals owing to the lack of hair cell regeneration, but recent researches have shown that Lgr5 supporting cells are progenitors capable of regenerating hair cells. RPS14 (ribosomal protein S14) is a 40S ribosomal subunit component and is associated with erythrocyte differentiation, and in this study, we used a novel adeno-associated virus-inner ear system to upregulate Rps14 expression in cultured hair cell progenitors and observed an enhancement on their ability to proliferate and differentiate into hair cells. Similarly, Rps14 overexpression in the mice cochlea could promote supporting cells proliferation by activating the Wnt signalling pathway.

The natural history of OTOF-related auditory neuropathy spectrum disorders: a multicenter study.

Pathogenic variations in the OTOF gene are a common cause of hearing loss. To refine the natural history and genotype-phenotype correlations of OTOF-related auditory neuropathy spectrum disorders (ANSD), audiograms and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) were collected from a diverse cohort of individuals diagnosed with OTOF-related ANSD by comprehensive genetic testing and also reported in the literature. Comparative analysis was undertaken to define genotype-phenotype relationships using a Monte Carlo algorithm.

[The long term effect of malleostapedotomy in ossicular chain reconstruction].

To analysis the long-term outcomes of ossicular chain reconstruction using the malleostapedotomy（MT）. A total of 11 patients（12 ears） underwent MT and their hearing levels were measured prior to surgery, 1 week and more than 1 year after surgery. The indications of MT were discussed and its safety and efficacy were evaluated in terms of the intra-operative findings, post-operative hearing and complications.

Long-Term Outcomes of Cochlear Implantation in Irradiated Ears of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients.

Objectives: To evaluate the safety and feasibility of cochlear implantation (CI) in irradiated ears of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients.

Study Design: A retrospective study.

Methods: From 2008 to 2017, 10 adults with binaural severe or profound sensorineural hearing loss subsequent to radiotherapy for NPC underwent CI in our center.

A cationic polymeric prodrug with chemotherapeutic self-sensibilization co-delivering MMP-9 shRNA plasmid for a combined therapy to nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

To obtain a high-efficiency drug and gene co-delivery system to HNE-1 tumor therapy, a polymeric prodrug (PAAs-MTX) with chemotherapeutic sensibilization was synthesized consisting of a GSH-response hyperbranched poly(amido amine) (PAAs) and an antitumor drug of methotrexate (MTX). Then, the targeting molecule to HNE-1 cells, transferrin (Tf), was conjugated to form the Tf-PAAs-MTX. This polymeric prodrug could deliver MMP-9 shRNA plasmid (pMMP-9) again to form the drug and gene co-delivery system of Tf-PAAs-MTX/pMMP-9.

Folate-Targeted pH and Redox Dual Stimulation-Responsive Nanocarrier for Codelivering of Docetaxel and TFPI-2 for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Therapy.

Due to the increasing incidence of tumor metastasis and multidrug resistance, even though a combined use of chemotherapy and radiotherapy is introduced, the 5-year average survival rate of an advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patient still remains low. Hence, targeted slow-release anticancer drugs represent a potential therapy for advanced NPC. In this study, pH and redox dual stimulation-responsive folate-targeted folic acid - β-cyclodextrin - hyperbranched poly(amido amine)s (FA-DS-PAAs) nanocarriers for codelivery of docetaxel (DOC) and tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 (TFPI-2) for NPC therapy are discussed.

Identification of a complex genomic rearrangement in TMPRSS3 by massively parallel sequencing in Chinese cases with prelingual hearing loss.

Background: Genetic variants in TMPRSS3 have been causally linked to autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss (HL) at the DFNB8 and DFNB10 loci. These variants include both single nucleotide and copy number variations (CNVs). In this study, we aim to identify the genetic cause in three Chinese subjects with prelingual profound sensorineural HL.

Transferrin-functionalized chitosan-graft-poly(l-lysine) dendrons as a high-efficiency gene delivery carrier for nasopharyngeal carcinoma therapy.

Transferrin-functionalized chitosan-graft-poly(l-lysine) dendrons (CS-PLLD-Tf) were synthesized in this work and then used to deliver the MMP-9 shRNA plasmid to HNE-1 cells for gene therapy. The obtained CS-PLLD-Tf displayed excellent gene transfection in vitro, verifying the strategy of constructing a high-efficiency gene carrier by conjugating the multiple low generation PLLDs to one molecule of CS to form a copolymer. Particularly, CS-PLLD-Tf showed much higher gene transfection efficiency than PEI-25k and CS-PLLD in the presence of serum, and more than 40% HNE-1 cells were transfected.

[Analyses of chronic otitis media with intact tympanic membrane concurrent with intracranial complication].

Objective: To investigate the clinical and imaging characteristics of chronic otitis media with intact tympanic membrane.

Method: Ten patients were retrospective studied in the department of otorhinolaryngology of Guangdong general hospital from December 2006 to January 2015. The clinical characteristics of their manifestations, audiology and imaging examinations were analyzed.

[The correlations between varying tinnitus severity and anxiety and depression in non-acute tinnitus patients].

Objective: To investigate the correlation betwen varying degrees of non-acute tinnitus and anxiety and depression.

Method: Seventy-seven outpatients with non-acute tinnitus as their in chief complaint were submitted to Tinnitus Handicap Inventory(THI), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS), and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS).

Result: THI and its three subscales were found to have significant correlations with SAS and SDS.

[The effect of binaural bi-modal fitting on speech recognition of cochlear implant recipients with low frequency electrodes incompletely implanted].

Objective: To study the effect of binaural bi-modal fitting (one cochlear implant and a contralateral hearing aid) on speech recognition of cochlear implant recipients with low frequency electrodes incompletely implanted.

Method: A total of 15 cochlear implant(CI) users who have low residual hearing (250 Hz 45-90 dBHL, 500 Hz 75 - 100 dBHL) of their non surgery ears. We closed the top three electrodes to simulate the state of low-frequency electrodes incompletely implanted by fitting software.

[Application of HRCT multi-planar reconstruction for measuring cochlear morphology in cochlear implantation].

Objective: To explore the value of high-resolution temporal bone CT (HRCT) multi-planar reconstruction (MPR) technique for measuring cochlear morpholog in the preoperative evaluation of cochlear implant.

Method: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 80 cochlear implant recipients. The groups were investigated in our research according to the patient's sex, age and whether the inner ear is malformed or not.

[Clinical characteristics of solitary plasmacytoma of temporal bone].

Patient of plasmacytoma of temporal bone often suffered from evident symptom in unilateral ear and obvious damage of bone. Clinical characteristics, imaging examination and histopathology can established an accurate diagnose. The therapy will be surgery and followed radiotherapy.

[Clinical approach of trans-horizontal semicircular canal and vestibule for treatment of Mondini dysplasia with cerebrospinal fluid leakage].

Objective: To evaluate the clinical manifestation of Mondini dysplasia with cerebrospinal fluid leakage and investigate the effect of the surgical repair through trans-horizontal semicircular canal and vestibule approach.

Method: Four cases which were operated by the approach of trans-horizontal semicircular canal and vestibule in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively.

Result: The leakages were all stopped by the primary surgical closure after six-month follow up.

[The effect of reversal steps stapedotomy on the treatment of otosclerosis].

Objective: To determine the efficacy of reversal steps stapedotomy in the treatment of otosclerosis.

Method: From January 2006 to December 2009, a total of 70 patients (81 ears) with otosclerosis who underwent stapedotomy were retrospectively evaluated. Among these 81 ears, 41 ears underwent classical stapedotomy and 40 ears underwent reversal steps stapedotomy.

Endoscope-assisted versus conventional second branchial cleft cyst resection.

Background: This study evaluates the feasibility of endoscope-assisted second branchial cleft cyst resection via retroauricular approach by comparing it with conventional cervical incision for removal of second branchial cleft cyst.

Methods: From January 2009 to December 2010, 25 patients were randomly assigned to the endoscope-assisted surgery group (13 patients) or the conventional surgery group (12 patients). The clinical characteristics of patients, operation time, operative bleeding volume, postoperative complications, and subjective satisfaction with incision scar checked by visual analog scale were compared between the groups, retrospectively.