Repeat dose and reproductive toxicity of thrombopoietin mimic peptide in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Thrombopoietin mimic peptide (TMP) is a novel thrombopoietin receptor agonist. In this report, we evaluated the potential toxicity of TMP in repeat-dose toxicity and reproductive/developmental toxicity studies (segment Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ). TMP was administered subcutaneously to Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats at 5, 15 or 50 mcg/kg.

Developmental and reproduction toxicity studies of Biolimus A9 in SD rats.

Biolimus A9 (BA9) is a novel rapamycin derivative. In this report we evaluated the potential toxicity of BA9 in a developmental and reproduction toxicity study (segment Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ). In segment I, body weight gains in F0 rats receiving 0.

Expression of mosquito miRNAs in entomopathogenic fungus induces pathogen-mediated host RNA interference and increases fungal efficacy.

The growing threat of insecticide resistance prompts the urgent need to develop additional tools for mosquito control. Entomopathogenic fungi provide an eco-friendly alternative to chemical insecticides. One limitation to the use of mycoinsecticides is their relatively low virulence.

Research progress on neutralizing epitopes and antibodies for the Rabies virus.

Rabies is a zoonotic infectious disease with a high fatality rate. It is caused by a virus in the genus and is a global public health threat. The rabies virus invades and infects cells mainly via a glycoprotein, which may involve multiple receptors.

Recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 9 AAV-RABVG expressing a Rabies Virus G protein confers long-lasting immune responses in mice and non-human primates.

Three or four intramuscular doses of the inactivated human rabies virus vaccines are needed for pre- or post-exposure prophylaxis in humans. This procedure has made a great contribution to prevent human rabies deaths, which bring huge economic burdens in developing countries. Herein, a recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 9, AAV9-RABVG, harbouring a RABV G gene, was generated to serve as a single dose rabies vaccine candidate.

Recombinant Human Adenovirus Type 5 Co-expressing RABV G and SFTSV Gn Induces Protective Immunity Against Rabies Virus and Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in Mice.

Both severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) and rabies are severe zoonotic diseases. As co-hosts of rabies virus (RABV) and SFTS virus (SFTSV), dogs and cats could not only be infected but also transmit the virus to human. Hence, developing a bivalent vaccine against both SFTS and rabies is urgently needed.

Simultaneous Quantification of Brigatinib and Brigatinib-Analog in Rat Plasma and Brain Homogenate by LC-MS/MS: Application to Comparative Pharmacokinetic and Brain Distribution Studies.

Brigatinib and brigatinib-analog are potent and selective ALK inhibitors with the similar structure. A simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous determination of brigatinib and brigatinib-analog in rat plasma and brain homogenate was developed and validated. Chromatographic separation was carried out on an ODS column with acetonitrile and 0.

Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of four major bioactive components in rats after oral administration of Xianglian pill.

Xianglian pill, a TCM prescription, consists of Rhizome Coptidis and Radix Aucklandiae, and has been used to treat gastrointestinal disease for many years. Berberine, jatrorrhizin, coptisine and palmatine are four representative alkaloids in Xianglian pill. Knowing that the drug disposal process in vivo is closely related to the toxicity and efficacy of a drug, it is important to classify the disposal properties of these alkaloids.

Assembly of pigeon circovirus-like particles using baculovirus expression system.

Pigeon circovirus (PiCV) is able to infect racing and meat pigeons of all ages and is a key factor that triggers young pigeon disease syndrome (YPDS). PiCV vaccine research has been impeded because PiCV cannot be grown or propagated in cell cultures. Virus-like particles (VLPs), which can be generated by a wide range of expression systems, have been shown to have outstanding immunogenicity and constitute promising vaccines against a wide range of pathogens.

A fungal pathogen deploys a small silencing RNA that attenuates mosquito immunity and facilitates infection.

Insecticidal fungi represent a promising alternative to chemical pesticides for disease vector control. Here, we show that the pathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana exports a microRNA-like RNA (bba-milR1) that hijacks the host RNA-interference machinery in mosquito cells by binding to Argonaute 1 (AGO1). bba-milR1 is highly expressed during fungal penetration of the mosquito integument, and suppresses host immunity by silencing expression of the mosquito Toll receptor ligand Spätzle 4 (Spz4).

Antiviral efficacy of favipiravir against canine distemper virus infection in vitro.

Background: Canine distemper (CD) is an acute infectious disease with high morbidity rates caused by a highly contagious pathogen (Canine Morbillivirus, also known as canine distemper virus, CDV). CDV can infect a broad range of carnivores resulting in complex clinical signs. Currently, there is no effective method to treat for CDV infections.

Evaluation of pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and urinary excretion of scopolin and its metabolite scopoletin in Sprague Dawley rats by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

We aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and urinary excretion of scopolin and its metabolite scopoletin in rats. An LC-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method for simultaneous determination of scopolin and scopoletin in rat biomatrices was developed and validated over a plasma and urine concentration range of 5.0-2000 ng/mL.

A UPLC-MS/MS method for comparative pharmacokinetics study of morusin and morin in normal and diabetic rats.

The aim of this study was to establish and validate a rapid, selective and reliable ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) for simultaneous quantitations of morin and morusin, and to investigate their pharmacokinetics difference between normal and diabetic rats after oral administration. Plasma samples were pretreated via protein precipitation with acetonitrile. Genkwanin was used as internal standard (IS).

Determination of tubuloside B by LC-MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study in rats.

Tubuloside B, a novel neuroprotective phenylethanoid, is a major active constituent of Cistanche tubulosa and Cistanche deserticola. A specific and sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method has been developed and validated for the quantification of tubuloside B in rat plasma. Sample preparation was conducted through a protein-precipitation extraction with methanol using tubuloside A as internal standard (IS).

Development of an LC-MS/MS method for quantification of two isomeric phenylpropenes and the application to pharmacokinetic studies in rats.

Isomers β-asarone and α-asarone have recently been demonstrated to have differential pharmacological activities. Here, we report an LC-MS/MS method developed using acetonitrile to extract two isomeric phenylpropenes from rat plasma. Separation was achieved using a XDB-C column (100 × 2.

Quantification of morusin using LC-MS in rat plasma: Application to a pharmacokinetic study.

A sensitive LC-MS method was developed for the quantification of morusin in rat plasma using praeruptorin C as internal standard. After extraction with diethyl ether, post-treatment samples were chromatographed on a Hypersil C column. An isocratic mobile phase consisting of methanol-water (70:30, v/v) was applied at a flow rate of 0.

Development and Validation of a Rapid and Sensitive LC-MS/MS Method for the Pharmacokinetic Study of Osimertinib in Rats.

Osimertinib is a new-generation epidermal growth factor inhibitor for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. In the present study, a rapid and sensitive LC with tandem MS method was developed and validated for the determination of osimertinib in rat plasma. Chromatographic separation was carried out on a C18 column using acetonitrile and water containing 0.

Determination of AZD3759 in rat plasma and brain tissue by LC-MS/MS and its application in pharmacokinetic and brain distribution studies.

A simple and sensitive high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for determination of AZD3759, a novel epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in rat plasma and brain homogenate was developed and validated over the range of 1.0-1000ng/mL. Chromatographic separation was carried out on a C18 column with acetonitrile and 0.

[Pathogenesis of H5N1 avian influenza virus in C57BL/6 mice].

C57BL/6 mice were inoculated intranasally (50 microl) with serial 10-fold dilution of HAB/01 H5N1 virus. Three and five days later, three mice of each group were euthanized. Lung injury was assessed by observation of lung histopathology, virus titers and MCD50 were also measured.