Impact of price reductions, subsidies, or financial incentives on healthy food purchases and consumption: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Poor diets are a global concern and are linked with various adverse health outcomes. Healthier foods such as fruit and vegetables are often more expensive than unhealthy options. This study aimed to assess the effect of price reductions for healthy food (including fruit and vegetables) on diet.

Tuberculosis risk among people with diabetes mellitus in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review.

Objectives: People with diabetes mellitus (DM) have a higher tuberculosis (TB) risk, but the evidence from sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) was scarce until recently and not included in earlier global summaries. Therefore, this systematic review aims to determine the risk of active TB disease among people with DM in SSA and whether HIV alters this association.

Methods: Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, Global Health and African Index Medicus were searched between January 1980 and February 2021.

A systematic review of interventions to promote physical activity in six Gulf countries.

Physical activity (PA) levels are low in Gulf Cooperation Council countries (GCC; Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates). We carried out a systematic review (PROSPERO registration number 131817) to assess the effect of interventions to increase PA levels in this region. We also assessed their effects on anthropometry and cardiovascular risk.

Characterizing the type 2 diabetes mellitus epidemic in Jordan up to 2050.

We aimed to characterize the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) epidemic and the role of key risk factors in Jordan between 1990-2050, and to forecast the T2DM-related costs. A recently-developed population-level T2DM mathematical model was adapted and applied to Jordan. The model was fitted to six population-based survey data collected between 1990 and 2017.

Long-term exposure to NO and O and all-cause and respiratory mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: WHO has published several volumes of Global Air Quality Guidelines to provide guidance on the health risks associated with exposure to outdoor air pollution. As new scientific evidence is generated, air quality guidelines need to be periodically revised and, where necessary, updated.

Objectives: The aims of the study were 1) to summarise the available evidence on the effect of long-term exposure to ozone (O) and nitrogen dioxide (NO) on mortality; 2) and to assess concentration response functions (CRF), their shape and the minimum level of exposures measured in studies to support WHO's update of the global air quality guidelines.

Interventions promoting physical activity among adults and children in the six Gulf Cooperation Council countries: protocol for a systematic review.

Introduction: Prevalence of overweight, obesity and diabetes are high and rising across the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries (Oman, Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates). In parallel, physical activity (PA) levels are low relative to international standards. PA aids weight control and reduces risk of non-communicable diseases including diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

Effect of subsidies on healthful consumption: a protocol for a systematic review update.

Introduction: The prevalence of diet-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are rapidly increasing in most parts of the world. In order to ameliorate the related public health burden, evidence-informed policies to improve diet need to be implemented. Financial subsidies that promote healthful consumption patterns have the potential to reduce NCD risk and may also reduce inequality if targeted at those of low socio-economic position.

Forecasting the impact of diabetes mellitus on tuberculosis disease incidence and mortality in India.

Background: In context of the rapidly expanding diabetes mellitus (DM) epidemic in India and slowly declining tuberculosis (TB) incidence, we aimed to estimate the past, current, and future impact of DM on TB epidemiology.

Methods: An age-structured TB-DM dynamical mathematical model was developed and analyzed to assess the DM-on-TB impact. The model was calibrated using a literature review and meta-analyses.

Tuberculosis and diabetes: bidirectional association in a UK primary care data set.

Background: Many studies have found an increased risk of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) among those with diabetes mellitus (DM). However, evidence on whether the association is bidirectional remains sparse. This study investigates DM rates among those with and without prior tuberculosis (TB) disease as well as the reverse.