Against all odds: The road to success in the development of human immune reconstitution mice.

The mouse genome has a high degree of homology with the human genome, and its physiological, biochemical, and developmental regulation mechanisms are similar to those of humans; therefore, mice are widely used as experimental animals. However, it is undeniable that interspecies differences between humans and mice can lead to experimental errors. The differences in the immune system have become an important factor limiting current immunological research.

-Mutation-Induced Immunocompromised Mice Are a Novel Model for Human Xenograft Research.

Severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice serve as a critical model for human xenotransplantation studies, yet they often suffer from low engraftment rates and susceptibility to graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Moreover, certain SCID strains demonstrate 'immune leakage', underscoring the need for novel model development. Here, we introduce an SCID mouse model with a targeted disruption of the gene, encoding Artemis, which is essential for V(D)J recombination and DNA repair during T cell receptor (TCR) and B cell receptor (BCR) assembly.

MicroRNA-29b ameliorates hepatic inflammation via suppression of STAT3 in alcohol-associated liver disease.

Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is induced by chronic excessive alcohol consumption resulting in the clinical manifestations of steatosis, inflammation, and cirrhosis. MicroRNA-29b (miR-29b) is mainly expressed in hepatic nonparenchymal cells, and its expression level varies in different diseases. In this study, we aimed to determine the role of miR-29b in a mouse model of alcohol-associated liver disease.

Application of the Trivex system in the treatment of primary severe superficial varicose veins of the lower extremity.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical effects of the Trivex system in the treatment of primary severe superficial varicose veins of the lower extremity and compare Trivex to the point-form-stripping combined with foam sclerotherapy (FS).

Methods: A total of 64 patients (35 females, 29 males; mean age, 57 ± 11 years [range, 29-79 years]) with primary severe superficial varicose veins of the lower extremity involving 64 legs were included between October 2015 and July 2019. The maximum diameter of the vein branches was >20 mm, which appeared to be cystic dilatation and forms large-scale in the crus or the thigh.

Biological Characteristics of Severe Combined Immunodeficient Mice Produced by CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated and Mutation.

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas)9 is a novel and convenient gene editing system that can be used to construct genetically modified animals. Recombination activating gene 2 () is a core component that is involved in the initiation of V(D)J recombination during T- and B-cells maturation. Separately, the interleukin-2 receptor gamma chain gene () encoded the protein-regulated activity of natural killer (NK) cells and shared common receptors of some cytokines.

Anti-proliferation of breast cancer cells with itraconazole: Hedgehog pathway inhibition induces apoptosis and autophagic cell death.

Itraconazole is a common antifungal which may have promise for treating various human cancers. We report that itraconazole was cytotoxic to MCF-7 and SKBR-3 breast cancer cell lines via apoptosis by altering mitochondria membrane potential, reducing BCL-2 expression and elevating caspase-3 activity. Itraconazole also induced autophagic cell death via LC3-II expression upregulation, P62/SQSTM1 degradation, autophagosome formation and increases in autophagic puncta.

Cabazitaxel-induced autophagy via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway contributes to A549 cell death.

Cabazitaxel has been used to treat castration-resistant prostate cancer since its approval by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2010. However, whether cabazitaxel may inhibit the proliferation of other tissue‑derived cancer cells, and its underlying mechanism, remains unknown. In the present study, the A549 lung adenocarcinoma cancer cell line was exposed to cabazitaxel, in order to investigate its cytotoxic effect and determine the underlying mechanism.