Stripe rust effector Pst21674 compromises wheat resistance by targeting transcription factor TaASR3.

Pathogens compromise host defense responses by strategically secreting effector proteins. However, the molecular mechanisms by which effectors manipulate disease-resistance factors to evade host surveillance remain poorly understood. In this study, we characterized a Puccinia striiformis f.

The molecular and functional characterization of ferritins in the hard tick Hyalomma rufipes.

Background: The protein ferritin, which plays an important role in the maintenance of iron homeostasis, is indispensable for iron detoxification, resistance to oxidative stress and innate immunity. Ticks, which are obligate blood-sucking ectoparasites, have to deal with a large amount of iron when they take a blood meal.

Methods: Sequence analysis was undertaken using bioinformatics.

Sugar transporter TaSTP3 activation by TaWRKY19/61/82 enhances stripe rust susceptibility in wheat.

Sugar efflux from host plants is essential for pathogen survival and proliferation. Sugar transporter-mediated redistribution of host sugar contributes to the outcomes of plant-pathogen interactions. However, few studies have focused on how sugar translocation is strategically manipulated during host colonization.

AtSTP8, an endoplasmic reticulum-localised monosaccharide transporter from Arabidopsis, is recruited to the extrahaustorial membrane during powdery mildew infection.

Biotrophic pathogens are believed to strategically manipulate sugar transport in host cells to enhance their access to carbohydrates. However, mechanisms of sugar translocation from host cells to biotrophic fungi such as powdery mildew across the plant-haustorium interface remain poorly understood. To investigate this question, systematic subcellular localisation analysis was performed for all the 14 members of the monosaccharide sugar transporter protein (STP) family in Arabidopsis thaliana.

A Cu-only superoxide dismutase from stripe rust fungi functions as a virulence factor deployed for counter defense against host-derived oxidative stress.

Plants quickly accumulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) to resist against pathogen invasion, while pathogens strive to escape host immune surveillance by degrading ROS. However, the nature of the strategies that fungal pathogens adopt to counteract host-derived oxidative stress is manifold and requires deep investigation. In this study, a superoxide dismutase (SOD) from Puccinia striiformis f.

Expression and function assessment of two serpin-type serine protease inhibitors from Haemaphysalis doenitzi.

Serine protease inhibitors (serpins) in ticks are implicated in the modulation of the vertebrate host response to the tick bite. Experimentally, it has been demonstrated that serpins interfere with tick-borne pathogen transmission. However, knowledge on serpins in the tick Haemaphysalis doenitzi is lacking.

A novel citrate synthase isoform contributes infection and stress resistance of the stripe rust fungus.

The early development of a rust fungus is dependent on the endogenous lipids stored in the urediniospores. After it establishes a parasitic relationship with the host, sugars absorbed from the host cells by haustoria become the primary nutrients. The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is essential to oxidize these nutrients.

An extracellular Zn-only superoxide dismutase from Puccinia striiformis confers enhanced resistance to host-derived oxidative stress.

Accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) following plant-pathogen interactions can trigger plant defence responses and directly damage pathogens. Thus, it is essential for pathogens to scavenge host-derived ROS to establish a parasitic relationship. However, the mechanisms protecting pathogens from host-derived oxidative stress remain unclear.

Down-regulation of a wheat alkaline/neutral invertase correlates with reduced host susceptibility to wheat stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis.

Numerous studies have found that sucrose (Suc) metabolism plays a crucial role in the environmental stress response of many plant species. The majority of Suc metabolism-associated reports refer to acid invertases (Ac-Invs). However, alkaline/neutral Invs (A/N-Invs) have been poorly studied.