Preterm birth and asthma and COPD in adulthood: a nationwide register study from two Nordic countries.

Background: Preterm birth affects lungs in several ways but few studies have follow-up until adulthood. We investigated the association of the entire spectrum of gestational ages with specialist care episodes for obstructive airway disease (asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)) at age 18-50 years.

Methods: We used nationwide registry data on 706 717 people born 1987-1998 in Finland (4.

School grades and educational attainments of adolescents and young adults born preterm.

Attendance in special education (SE) is more common among individuals born preterm than among those born at term. Less is known about school grades of those born preterm in mainstream education (ME), and how these grades predict later educational attainment. This population-based register-linkage study assessed (1) attendance in SE, and then focused on those in ME by assessing (2) school grades at 16 year, (3) completed educational level at 25 year, and (4) school grades as predictors for completed education by gestational age (GA) with full-term birth (39-41 completed weeks) as reference.

Risk-Taking Behavior of Adolescents and Young Adults Born Preterm.

Objectives: To study sexually transmitted Chlamydia trachomatis infections (STCTs), teenage pregnancies, and payment defaults in individuals born preterm as proxies for engaging in risk-taking behavior.

Study Design: Our population-based register-linkage study included all 191 705 children alive at 10 years (8492 preterm [4.4%]) born without malformations in Finland between January 1987 and September 1990 as each mother's first child within the cohort.

Migraine in children and adults born preterm: A nationwide register linkage study.

Objective: Being born preterm is related to adverse health effects later in life. We studied whether preterm birth predicts the risk of migraine.

Methods: In this nationwide register study, we linked data from six administrative registers for all 235,624 children live-born in Finland (January 1987 to September 1990) and recorded in the Finnish Medical Birth Register.

Long-term motor outcomes of very preterm and/or very low birth weight individuals without cerebral palsy: A review of the current evidence.

We reviewed literature on long-term motor outcomes of individuals aged five years or older born very preterm (VP: ≤32 weeks of gestation) or with very low birth weight (VLBW: ≤1500g), without cerebral palsy (CP). PubMed produced 2827 articles, whereof 38 were eligible. Assessed by standardised and norm-based motor tests, the Movement Assessment Battery for Children being the most widely used, VP/VLBW individuals showed poorer motor skills compared with term-born controls with differences of approximately 1 SD in magnitude.

Duration of homelessness and its relationship to use of hospital and emergency department services in Helsinki, Finland.

Homelessness is associated with poor health outcomes and increased use of hospital and emergency department (ED) services. Little is known about the duration of homelessness in relation to health care service use. The aim of this study was to examine the use of hospital and ED services among the homeless in Helsinki, Finland, and for the first time, to examine the relationship between service use and duration of homelessness.

Adult outcomes of being born late preterm or early term - What do we know?

The literature on adult outcomes of people born late preterm (LPT, 34-36 completed weeks) or early term (ET, 37-38 weeks) was reviewed. In PubMed, 9547 articles were identified; 53 were eligible. Of these, 12 were based on clinical cohorts, 32 on medical birth register linkages, and nine on historical birth cohorts; 48 out of 53 on Nordic countries; 50 out of 53 reported on LPT and eight out of 53 reported on ET.

Morbidity and housing status 10 years after shelter use-follow-up of homeless men in Helsinki, Finland.

Background: Homelessness is associated with increased mortality, morbidity and social difficulties and periods of homelessness are sometimes prolonged or repeated. However, there are no long-term follow-up studies focusing upon housing status among homeless people. The aim of this study was to examine morbidity and housing outcomes and to identify factors predicting being independently housed 10 years after shelter use.

Mortality and causes of death among homeless in Finland: a 10-year follow-up study.

Background: Homelessness is associated with increased mortality, and some predictors of mortality have been previously identified. We examined the overall and cause-specific mortality among homeless men in Helsinki and the associations of social background and health service use with mortality.

Methods: To assess cause-specific mortality in a competing risks framework, we performed a register-based, case-control study of 617 homeless men and an age-matched control group of 1240 men from the general population that were followed for 10 years between 2004 and 2014.

Mental disorders and the use of primary health care services among homeless shelter users in the Helsinki metropolitan area, Finland.

Background: Homelessness is associated with increased morbidity, mortality and health care use. The aim of this study was to examine the role of mental disorders in relation to the use of 1) daytime primary health care services and 2) after hours primary health care emergency room (PHER) services among homeless shelter users in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area, Finland.

Methods: The study cohort consists of all 158 homeless persons using the four shelters operating in the study area during two selected nights.

Interventions to mitigate the effects of poverty and inequality on mental health.

Purpose: To review psychosocial and policy interventions which mitigate the effects of poverty and inequality on mental health.

Methods: Systematic reviews, controlled trials and realist evaluations of the last 10 years are reviewed, without age or geographical restrictions.

Results: Effective psychosocial interventions on individual and family level, such as parenting support programmes, exist.

Psychiatric readmissions and their association with physical comorbidity: a systematic literature review.

Background: Comorbidity between mental and physical disorder conditions is the rule rather than the exception. It is estimated that 25% of adult population have mental health condition and 68% of them suffer from comorbid medical condition. Readmission rates in psychiatric patients are high and we still lack understanding potential predictors of recidivism.

Statistical methods and modelling techniques for analysing hospital readmission of discharged psychiatric patients: a systematic literature review.

Background: Psychiatric services have undergone profound changes over the last decades. CEPHOS-LINK is an EU-funded study project with the aim to compare readmission of patients discharged with psychiatric diagnoses using a registry-based observational record linkage study design and to analyse differences in the findings for five different countries. A range of different approaches is available for analysis of the available data.

Psychiatric readmissions and their association with environmental and health system characteristics: a systematic review of the literature.

Background: Psychiatric readmissions have been studied at length. However, knowledge about how environmental and health system characteristics affect readmission rates is scarce. This paper systemically reviews and discusses the impact of health and social systems as well as environmental characteristics for readmission after discharge from inpatient care for patients with a psychiatric diagnosis.

Insomnia symptoms and subsequent psychotropic medication: a register-linked study with 5-year follow-up.

Purpose: This study examined the associations of insomnia symptoms with subsequent psychotropic medication, reflecting mental health.

Methods: Postal baseline surveys among 40- to 60-year-old employees of the city of Helsinki, Finland, were collected in 2000-2002 (N = 6,227, response rate 67%, 78% women) and longitudinally linked with national register data on prescribed reimbursed medication. Insomnia symptoms at baseline comprised difficulties in initiating and maintaining sleep, and non-restorative sleep.

Insomnia symptoms and subsequent cardiovascular medication: a register-linked follow-up study among middle-aged employees.

Sleep disturbances have been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease outcomes. The associations of insomnia with hypertension and dyslipidaemia, the main modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, are less studied. We especially lack understanding on the longitudinal effects of insomnia on dyslipidaemia.

Joint associations of sleep duration and insomnia symptoms with subsequent sickness absence: the Helsinki Health Study.

Aims: We aimed to examine the joint associations of sleep duration and insomnia symptoms with subsequent sickness absence of various lengths while considering several covariates.

Methods: Baseline surveys among 40-60-year-old employees of the City of Helsinki, Finland, (N = 6535) were prospectively linked with employer's personnel register data comprising short self-certified (1-3 days), medically-certified intermediate (4-14 days) and long (15 days or more) sickness absence spells. Average follow-up time was 4.

Concurrent validity of the Quality of Object Relations Scale (QORS) in relation to proxy assessment of the theoretical scale constituents.

Background/aims: Clinical assessment of object relations is essential when evaluating treatability by different types of psychotherapy. The Quality of Object Relations Scale (QORS) is an established interview measure used for assessing object relations, but the validity of the QORS in relation to its theoretical constituents has not been examined. Our aim was to study the concurrent validity of the QORS.

The joint association of sleep duration and insomnia symptoms with disability retirement--a longitudinal, register-linked study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the joint association of sleep duration and insomnia symptoms with subsequent disability retirement.

Methods: Baseline survey data were collected in 2000-2002 from 40-60-year-old employees of the City of Helsinki, all working at baseline. Baseline data were linked with disability retirement data until the end of 2010, obtained from the Finnish Centre for Pensions registers (N=6042).

Sleep problems and disability retirement: a register-based follow-up study.

Among aging employees, sleep problems are prevalent, but they may have serious consequences that are poorly understood. This study examined whether sleep problems are associated with subsequent disability retirement. Baseline questionnaire survey data collected in 2000-2002 among employees of the city of Helsinki, Finland, were linked with register data on disability retirement diagnoses by the end of 2008 (n = 457) for those with written consent for such linkages (74%; N = 5,986).

Quasi-experimental study on the effectiveness of psychoanalysis, long-term and short-term psychotherapy on psychiatric symptoms, work ability and functional capacity during a 5-year follow-up.

Background: Psychotherapy is apparently an insufficient treatment for some patients with mood or anxiety disorder. In this study the effectiveness of short-term and long-term psychotherapies was compared with that of psychoanalysis.

Methods: A total of 326 psychiatric outpatients with mood or anxiety disorder were randomly assigned to solution-focused therapy, short-term psychodynamic and long-term psychodynamic psychotherapies.

Effectiveness of short-term and long-term psychotherapy on work ability and functional capacity--a randomized clinical trial on depressive and anxiety disorders.

Background: Insufficient evidence exists about the effect of different therapies on work ability for patients with psychiatric disorders. The present study compares improvements in work ability in two short-term therapies and one long-term therapy.

Methods: In the Helsinki Psychotherapy Study, 326 outpatients with depressive or anxiety disorder were randomly assigned to long-term and short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy, and solution-focused therapy.