MnO-mineralized milk exosomes as a novel nanoplatform for glutathione detection.

Exosomes have garnered significant attention in the realms of disease diagnosis and therapeutics, owing to their remarkable biocompatibility. While engineered exosomes have the potential to augment delivery efficiency, targeting specificity, and circulation longevity, the intricacies of sample preparation have often hindered their broader application. In this pioneering study, we introduce a novel nanoplatform by leveraging surface manganese dioxide (MnO) mineralization of milk exosomes.

Large-Scale Isolation of Milk Exosomes for Skincare.

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles in a cell culture. They are secreted by most cells and originate from the endosomal pathway. A variety of proteins, lipids, and genetic materials have been shown to be carried by exosomes.

Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in the therapeutic intervention of Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, and stroke.

With the increase in the aging population, the occurrence of neurological disorders is rising. Recently, stem cell therapy has garnered attention due to its convenient sourcing, minimal invasiveness, and capacity for directed differentiation. However, there are some disadvantages, such as poor quality control, safety assessments, and ethical and logistical issues.

NFAT and NF-κB dynamically co-regulate TCR and CAR signaling responses in human T cells.

While it has been established that the responses of T cells to antigens are combinatorially regulated by multiple signaling pathways, it remains elusive what mechanisms cells utilize to quantitatively modulate T cell responses during pathway integration. Here, we show that two key pathways in T cell signaling, calcium/nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) and protein kinase C (PKC)/nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), integrate through a dynamic and combinatorial strategy to fine-tune T cell response genes. At the cis-regulatory level, the two pathways integrate through co-binding of NFAT and NF-κB to immune response genes.

Multifunctional Milk-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles and Their Biomedical Applications.

In recent years, small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have been regarded as the next generation of novel delivery systems after lipid nanoparticles because of their advantages and huge prospects in drug delivery. Studies have shown that sEVs are abundant in milk and therefore can be a large and economical source of sEVs. Natural milk-derived small extracellular vesicles (msEVs) have important functions such as immune regulation, anti-bacterial infection, anti-oxidative, etc.

Exosomal ncRNAs: The pivotal players in diabetic wound healing.

Diabetes is the most prevalent metabolic disease in the world today. In addition to elevated blood glucose, it also causes serious complications, which has a significant effect on the quality of life of patients. Diabetic trauma is one of complications as a result of the interaction of diabetic neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease, infection, trauma, and other factors.