The effect of mix-milling with PO on cellulose physicochemical properties responsible for increased glucose yield.

Breaking the recalcitrant structure of native crystalline cellulose is an energy demanding rate liming step in the production of glucose from cellulosic biomass. Mix-milling of lignocellulosic substrates (with PO) dramatically increased glucose yield. In this work, the changes of physicochemical characteristics (morphology, structure, degree of polymerization (DP), solubility) of cellulose during mix-milling (with PO) are correlated with glucose yield in the subsequent chemical hydrolysis process.

Mechanistic understanding of humin formation in the conversion of glucose and fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in [BMIM]Cl ionic liquid.

Humin formation is one of the key issues that hinders economical 5-HMF production from hexose sugars such as glucose and fructose. In this work, the mechanism of humin formation in glucose/fructose conversion to HMF was studied in an ionic liquid system (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, [BMIM]Cl) with CrCl as the catalyst. Elemental analysis, XRD, FT-IR, and TEM were applied to study the molecular structure and morphology of the solid humins.

Genesis of electron deficient Pt1(0) in PDMS-PEG aggregates.

While numerous single atoms stabilized by support surfaces have been reported, the synthesis of in-situ reduced discrete metal atoms weakly coordinated and stabilized in liquid media is a more challenging goal. We report the genesis of mononuclear electron deficient Pt(0) by reducing HPtCl in liquid polydimethylsiloxane-polyethylene glycol (PDMS-PEG) (Pt@PDMS-PEG). UV-Vis, far-IR, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies evidence the reduction of HPtCl.

Structural Dependence and Spectroscopic Evidence of Methane Dissolution in Ionic Liquids.

High methane dissolution capacity in a liquid is important for methane storage and transformation. In this work, methane solubility in different ionic liquids (ILs) was studied and was found associated with IL's structural and physical properties. In imidazolium-based ILs, ILs containing C-F and long alkyl chain showed high methane solubility mainly due to lower surface tension and molar density.

Synthesis of Bis(hydroxylmethylfurfuryl)amine Monomers from 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural.

We report the synthesis of bis(hydroxylmethylfurfuryl)amine (BHMFA) from 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) by reacting 5-HMF with primary amines in the presence of homogeneous Ru(II) catalysts having sterically strained ligands. BHMFA is a group of furan-based monomers that offer great potential to form functional biopolymers with tunable properties. A range of primary amines, such as aliphatic and benzyl amines, are readily converted with 5-HMF to form the corresponding BHMFA in good yields.

Lignocellulosic ethanol production by starch-base industrial yeast under PEG detoxification.

Cellulosic ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass offers a sustainable solution for transition from fossil based fuels to renewable alternatives. However, a few long-standing technical challenges remain to be addressed in the development of an economically viable fermentation process from lignocellulose. Such challenges include the needs to improve yeast tolerance to toxic inhibitory compounds and to achieve high fermentation efficiency with minimum detoxification steps after a simple biomass pretreatment.

[The influence of different alkaline pH conditions on Enterococcus faecalis in planktonic and biofilm mode].

Purpose: To study the influence of different pH conditions on Enterococcus faecalis(E. faecalis) in planktonic and biofilm mode.

Methods: E.

Low-temperature heat capacities of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(oxalato)borate ionic liquids and the influence of anion structural characteristics on thermodynamic properties.

Two chelated orthoborate ionic liquids (ILs), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(oxalato)borate ([Bmim][BOB]) and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(oxalato)borate ([Hmim][BOB]), were prepared and characterized. Their thermodynamic properties were studied using adiabatic calorimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The thermodynamic properties of the two ILs were evaluated and compared with each other, and then with those of other [Bmim] type ILs.

Chelated orthoborate ionic liquid as a reactant for the synthesis of a new cobalt borophosphate containing extra-large 16-ring channels.

1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(oxalato)borate ([Emim][BOB]), a room-temperature ionic liquid, has been prepared and used for the first time to develop new borate-containing material. A new open-framework cobalt borophosphate, (NH(4))(7)Co(4)(H(2)O)[B(2)P(4)O(15)(OH)(2)](2)[H(2)PO(4)][HPO(4)], with peanut shaped extra-large 16-ring channels has been obtained.

[RP-HPLC determination of tiliroside in Daphne genkwa].

Objective: To determine the contents of tiliroside [kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-(6 " -p-coumaroyl) glucopyranoside] in the Daphne genkwa.

Method: The separation was performed on ZORBAX XDB C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm), using acetonitrile and water/acetic acid mixture (1,000/1) (gradient elution: 0-18 min, 26 : 74; 18-33 min, 80 : 20) as mobile phase with the rate of 1.

[Quantitative evaluation of residual endodontic microorganisms after mechanical root canal preparation different chemical preparations by real-time PCR].

Purpose: To establish a quick, sensitive method for quantifying root canal flora and investigate the effects of different root canal preparations on the pathogenic bacteria at RNA level.

Methods: A total of 24 single-rooted teeth with chronic apical periodontitis were selected and prepared using 3% H2O2 combined with 1% NaClO, EDTA combined with 3% H(2)O(2),1% NaClO, respectively,the samples were taken before and after root canal preparation. After isolation of total RNA from the root canal samples, cDNA was synthesized by reverse transcription, and detected by real-time PCR.

[Quantitive study of interleukin 1beta in periapical exudates of chronic periapical periodontitis in the course of root canal therapy].

Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between IL-1beta and clinical findings of chronic apical periodontitis and to explore the function of IL-1beta during the endodontic interappointment flare-ups.

Methods: Periapical exudates samples were obtained from 19 teeth suffering from endodontic flare-ups after root canal preparation and 20 teeth without any symptoms and signs at the second visit after root canal preparation. The levels of IL-1beta were determined by ELISA and the data was analyzed by SAS6.