Exploring the Modifying Role of GDP and Greenness on the Short Effect of Air Pollutants on Respiratory Hospitalization in Beijing.

It is unclear whether Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and greenness have additional modifying effects on the association between air pollution and respiratory system disease. Utilizing a time-stratified case-crossover design with a distributed lag linear model, we analyzed the association between six pollutants (PM, PM, NO SO, O, and CO) and 555,498 respiratory hospital admissions in Beijing from 1st January 2016 to 31st December 2019. We employed conditional logistic regression, adjusting for meteorological conditions, holidays and influenza, to calculate percent change of hospitalization risk.

Cost-effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination: A systematic review.

Objective: The COVID-19 vaccination strategy has been widely used to protect population health worldwide. This study aims to summarize the cost-effectiveness evidence of economic evaluation of COVID-19 vaccination strategies to provide evidence supporting the usage of COVID-19 vaccination, especially where the supply of COVID-19 vaccine is limited.

Methods: A systematic literature review was performed by searching both English and Chinese databases, including PubMed, Embase, Science Direct, Web of Science, Medline, Scopus, and CNKI.

The impact of zero markup drug policy on patients' healthcare utilization and expense: An interrupted time series study.

Objective: To curb the unreasonable growth of pharmaceutical expenditures, Beijing implemented the zero markup drug policy (ZMDP) in public hospitals in 2017, which focused on separating drug sales from hospital revenue. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impacts of ZMDP on healthcare expenditures and utilization for inpatients.

Methods: The Beijing claims data of inpatients diagnosed with ischemic heart disease (IHD), chronic renal failure (CRF), and lung cancer (LC) was extracted from the China Health Insurance Research Association (CHIRA) database.

Cost-Effectiveness of COVID-19 Sequential Vaccination Strategies in Inactivated Vaccinated Individuals in China.

To effectively prevent and control the COVID-19 pandemic, countries have adopted a booster vaccination strategy. This study aimed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of sequential booster COVID-19 vaccination compared to two-dose inactivated vaccination in China from a societal perspective. A Markov model was developed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of sequential vaccination, including two doses of an inactivated vaccine followed by a booster shot of an inactivated vaccine, adenovirus vectored vaccine, protein subunit vaccine, or mRNA vaccine.

Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Inactivated Vaccine to Address COVID-19 Pandemic in China: Evidence From Randomized Control Trials and Real-World Studies.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines (CoronaVac and BBIBP-CorV) in China using existing international clinical trials and real-world evidence.

Methods: Through a search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and CNKI, studies investigating the effectiveness of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines were identified, and a meta-analysis was undertaken to synthesize the vaccine efficacy and effectiveness data. Moreover, a decision-analytic model was developed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of inactivated vaccines for combating the COVID-19 pandemic in the Chinese context from a societal perspective.

Impacts of National Drug Price Negotiation on Expenditure, Volume, and Availability of Targeted Anti-Cancer Drugs in China: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis.

The Chinese government has launched six rounds of national drug price negotiation since 2016 to lower the price and expand access to innovative drugs, many of which are anticancer drugs. This study aims to examine the effect of the second round of negotiation at the provincial level on the expenditure, volume, and availability of anti-cancer drugs. Procurement data at the provincial level from January 2017 to September 2018 were extracted from the China Drug Supply Information Platform (CDSIP).

Assessing Spatial Accessibility to Primary Health Care Services in Beijing, China.

Primary health care has been emphasized as a pillar of China's current round of health reforms throughout the previous decade. The purpose of this study is to analyze the accessibility of primary health care services in Beijing and to identify locations with a relative scarcity of health personnel. Seven ecological conservation districts, which are relatively underdeveloped, were selected in the study.