Wheat Pm55 alleles exhibit distinct interactions with an inhibitor to cause different powdery mildew resistance.

Powdery mildew poses a significant threat to wheat crops worldwide, emphasizing the need for durable disease control strategies. The wheat-Dasypyrum villosum T5AL·5 V#4 S and T5DL·5 V#4 S translocation lines carrying powdery mildew resistant gene Pm55 shows developmental-stage and tissue-specific resistance, whereas T5DL·5 V#5 S line carrying Pm5V confers resistance at all stages. Here, we clone Pm55 and Pm5V, and reveal that they are allelic and renamed as Pm55a and Pm55b, respectively.

Fine mapping of powdery mildew and stripe rust resistance genes Pm5V/Yr5V transferred from Dasypyrum villosum into wheat without yield penalty.

The novel wheat powdery mildew and stripe rust resistance genes Pm5V/Yr5V are introgressed from Dasypyrum villosum and fine mapped to a narrowed region in 5VS, and their effects on yield-related traits were characterized. The powdery mildew and stripe rust seriously threaten wheat production worldwide. Dasypyrum villosum (2n = 2x = 14, VV), a relative of wheat, is a valuable resource of resistance genes for wheat improvement.

Genome-wide identification of the NLR gene family in Haynaldia villosa by SMRT-RenSeq.

Background: Nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat (NLR) genes have attracted wide attention due to their crucial role in protecting plants from pathogens. SMRT-RenSeq, combining PacBio sequencing after resistance gene enrichment sequencing (RenSeq), is a powerful method for selectively capturing and sequencing full-length NLRs. Haynaldia villosa, a wild grass species with a proven potential for wheat improvement, confers resistance to multiple diseases.

Research progress of plant cytogenetics in Jiangsu province.

Cytogenetics was established based on the "Chromosome theory of inheritance", proposed by Boveri and Sutton and evidenced by Morgan's lab in early stage of the 20 centrary. With rapid development of related research areas, especially molecular genetics, cytogenetics developed from traditional into a new era, molecular cytogenetics in late 1960s. Featured by an established technique named DNA in situ hybridization (ISH), molecular cytogenetics has been applied in various research areas.

Predominant wheat-alien chromosome translocations in newly developed wheat of China.

Unlabelled: Founder wheat lines have played key role in Chinese wheat improvement. Wheat- translocation T6VS·6AL has been widely used in wheat breeding in recent years due to its high level of powdery mildew resistance and other beneficial genes. Reference oligo-nucleotide multiplex probe (ONMP)-FISH karyotypes of six T6VS·6AL donor lines were developed and used for characterizing 32 derivative cultivars and lines.

Long-range assembly of sequences helps to unravel the genome structure and small variation of the wheat-Haynaldia villosa translocated chromosome 6VS.6AL.

Genomics studies in wild species of wheat have been limited due to the lack of references; however, new technologies and bioinformatics tools have much potential to promote genomic research. The wheat-Haynaldia villosa translocation line T6VS·6AL has been widely used as a backbone parent of wheat breeding in China. Therefore, revealing the genome structure of translocation chromosome 6VS·6AL will clarify how this chromosome formed and will help to determine how it affects agronomic traits.

Dissection and cytological mapping of chromosome arm 4VS by the development of wheat-Haynaldia villosa structural aberration library.

A cytological map of Haynaldia villosa chromosome arm 4VS was constructed to facilitate the identification and utilization of beneficial genes on 4VS. Induction of wheat-alien chromosomal structure aberrations not only provides new germplasm for wheat improvement, but also allows assignment of favorable genes to define physical regions. Especially, the translocation or introgression lines carrying alien chromosomal fragments with different sizes are useful for breeding and alien gene mapping.

Structural chromosome rearrangements and polymorphisms identified in Chinese wheat cultivars by high-resolution multiplex oligonucleotide FISH.

High-resolution multiplex oligonucleotide FISH revealed the frequent occurrence of structural chromosomal rearrangements and polymorphisms in widely grown wheat cultivars and their founders. Over 2000 wheat cultivars including 19 founders were released and grown in China from 1949 to 2000. To understand the impact of breeding selection on chromosome structural variations, high-resolution karyotypes of Chinese Spring (CS) and 373 Chinese cultivars were developed and compared by FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) using an oligonucleotide multiplex probe based on repeat sequences.

Development of intron targeting (IT) markers specific for chromosome arm 4VS of Haynaldia villosa by chromosome sorting and next-generation sequencing.

Background: Haynaldia villosa (L.) Schur (syn. Dasypyrum villosum L.

Pm55, a developmental-stage and tissue-specific powdery mildew resistance gene introgressed from Dasypyrum villosum into common wheat.

Powdery mildew resistance gene Pm55 was physically mapped to chromosome arm 5VS FL 0.60-0.80 of Dasypyrum villosum .

Characterization of a Putative New Semi-Dominant Reduced Height Gene, Rht_NM9, in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Plant height is an important agronomic trait in cereal crops, and can affect both plant architecture and grain yield. New dwarfing genes are required for improving the genetic diversity of wheat. In this study, a novel dwarf mutant, NM9, was created by treating seeds of the wheat variety NAU9918 with ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS).

Competitive Expression of Endogenous Wheat CENH3 May Lead to Suppression of Alien ZmCENH3 in Transgenic Wheat × Maize Hybrids.

Uniparental chromosome elimination in wheat × maize hybrid embryos is widely used in double haploid production of wheat. Several explanations have been proposed for this phenomenon, one of which is that the lack of cross-species CENH3 incorporation may act as a barrier to interspecies hybridization. However, it is unknown if this mechanism applies universally.

Characterization of a Triticum aestivum-Dasypyrum villosum T2VS·2DL translocation line expressing a longer spike and more kernels traits.

By using 2V-specific EST-PCR markers and sequential GISH/FISH analysis, we identified four homozygous CS-2V translocation lines, including a novel compensating T2VS·2DL translocation line NAU422. This translocation line has longer spikes and produces more grains per spike than its recurrent parent CS and three other translocation lines, which could be a valuable resource in wheat yield improvement. Dasypyrum villosum (2n = 14, VV), the wild relative of wheat, possesses novel and superior alleles at many important loci and should be utilized to improve the genetic diversity of cultivated wheat and may be very helpful for the improvement of wheat yield.

Chromosome engineering, mapping, and transferring of resistance to Fusarium head blight disease from Elymus tsukushiensis into wheat.

This manuscript describes the transfer and molecular cytogenetic characterization of a novel source of Fusarium head blight resistance in wheat. Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by the fungus Fusarium graminearum Schwabe [telomorph = Gibberella zeae (Schwein. Fr.

Introduction of chromosome segment carrying the seed storage protein genes from chromosome 1V of Dasypyrum villosum showed positive effect on bread-making quality of common wheat.

Development of wheat- D. villosum 1V#4 translocation lines; physically mapping the Glu - V1 and Gli - V1 / Glu - V3 loci; and assess the effects of the introduced Glu - V1 and Gli - V1 / Glu - V3 on wheat bread-making quality. Glu-V1 and Gli-V1/Glu-V3 loci, located in the chromosome 1V of Dasypyrum villosum, were proved to have positive effects on grain quality.

The Hv-SGT1 gene from Haynaldia villosa contributes to resistances towards both biotrophic and hemi-biotrophic pathogens in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

The SGT1 protein is essential for R protein-mediated and PAMPs-triggered resistance in many plant species. Here we reported the isolation and characterization of the Hv-SGT1 gene from Haynaldiavillosa (2n = 14, VV). Analysis of the subcellular location of Hv-SGT1 by transient expression of a fusion to GFP indicated its presence in the cytoplasm and nucleus.

Induction of 4VS chromosome recombinants using the CS ph1b mutant and mapping of the wheat yellow mosaic virus resistance gene from Haynaldia villosa.

The wheat spindle streak mosaic virus (WSSMV) or wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV) resistance gene, Wss1, from Haynaldia villosa, was previously mapped to the chromosome arm 4VS by the development of 4V (4D) substitution and T4DL·4VS translocation lines. For better utilization and more accurate mapping of the Wss1, in this research, the CS ph1b mutant was used to induce new translocations with shortened 4VS chromosome fragments. Thirty-five homozygous translocations with different alien fragment sizes and breakpoints of 4VS were identified by GISH and molecular marker analysis.

RLP1.1, a novel wheat receptor-like protein gene, is involved in the defence response against Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici.

Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is one of the most serious diseases of wheat; therefore, exploring effective resistance-related genes is critical for breeding and studying resistance mechanisms.

Cloning of a conserved receptor-like protein kinase gene and its use as a functional marker for homoeologous group-2 chromosomes of the triticeae species.

Receptor-like kinases (RLKs) play broad biological roles in plants. We report on a conserved receptor-like protein kinase (RPK) gene from wheat and other Triticeae species. The TaRPK1 was isolated from the Triticum aestivum cv.

Molecular and cytogenetic characterization of a small alien-segment translocation line carrying the softness genes of Haynaldia villosa.

The wheat-alien small segment translocation (SAST) lines carrying the beneficial genes from wild species are useful genetic stocks for wheat improvement. In this study, to introduce the grain hardness-related genes of Haynaldia villosa (L.) Schur.

Mapping and validation of quantitative trait loci associated with wheat yellow mosaic bymovirus resistance in bread wheat.

Wheat yellow mosaic (WYM) caused by wheat yellow mosaic bymovirus (WYMV) has been growing as one of the most serious diseases affecting wheat production in China. In this study, the association of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) governing WYMV resistance with molecular markers was established using 164 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from 'Xifeng Wheat' (highly resistant) × 'Zhen 9523' (highly susceptible). Phenotypic data of WYMV resistance of the RILs were collected from 4-year, two-location replicated field trials.

Leymus EST linkage maps identify 4NsL-5NsL reciprocal translocation, wheat-Leymus chromosome introgressions, and functionally important gene loci.

Allotetraploid (2n = 4x = 28) Leymus triticoides and Leymus cinereus are divergent perennial grasses, which form fertile hybrids. Genetic maps with n = 14 linkage groups (LG) comprised with 1,583 AFLP and 67 heterologous anchor markers were previously used for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in these hybrids, and chromosomes of other Leymus wildryes have been transferred to wheat. However, identifications of the x = 7 homoeologous groups were tenuous and genetic research has been encumbered by a lack of functional, conserved gene marker sequences.

Serine/threonine kinase gene Stpk-V, a key member of powdery mildew resistance gene Pm21, confers powdery mildew resistance in wheat.

Powdery mildew resistance gene Pm21, located on the chromosome 6V short arm of Haynaldia villosa and transferred to wheat as a 6VS·6AL translocation (T6VS·6AL), confers durable and broad-spectrum resistance to wheat powdery mildew. Pm21 has become a key gene resource for powdery mildew resistance breeding all over the world. In China, 12 wheat varieties containing Pm21 have been planted on more than 3.

Collinearity-based marker mining for the fine mapping of Pm6, a powdery mildew resistance gene in wheat.

The genome sequences of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and Brachypodium distachyon and the comprehensive Triticeae EST (Expressed Sequence Tag) resources provide invaluable information for comparative genomics analysis. The powdery mildew resistance gene, Pm6, which was introgressed into common wheat from Triticum timopheevii, was previously mapped to the wheat chromosome bin of 2BL [fraction length (FL) 0.