Achieving satisfactory functional outcomes in conservatively treated proximal humerus fractures: relationship between shoulder range of motion and patient-reported clinical outcome scores.

Background: Proximal humerus fractures are common osteoporotic fractures. Postinjury outcome measures include objective clinician-measured range of motion (ROM) and subjective patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), but the relationship between both has not been established. This study aimed to determine the relationship between shoulder ROM and PROMs and establish which ROMs correlated most with PROMs.

Environment as a limiting factor of the historical global spread of mungbean.

While the domestication process has been investigated in many crops, the detailed route of cultivation range expansion and factors governing this process received relatively little attention. Here, using mungbean ( var. ) as a test case, we investigated the genomes of more than 1000 accessions to illustrate climatic adaptation's role in dictating the unique routes of cultivation range expansion.

Overexpression of Oil Palm Early Nodulin 93 Protein Gene (EgENOD93) Enhances In Vitro Shoot Regeneration in Arabidopsis thaliana.

EgENOD93 was first identified in a cDNA microarray study of oil palm tissue culture where it was highly expressed in leaf explants with embryogenic potential. Functional characterization via an RNA interference study of its orthologue in Medicago truncatula demonstrated a significant role of this gene in somatic embryo formation. In this study, EgENOD93 was overexpressed in the important model plant Arabidopsis thaliana to investigate the embryogenic potential of EgENOD93 transgenic Arabidopsis explants compared to explants from control plants (pMDC140 and WT).

Early nodulin 93 protein gene: essential for induction of somatic embryogenesis in oil palm.

Transcript profiling during the early induction phase of oil palm tissue culture and RNAi studies in a model somatic embryogenesis system showed that EgENOD93 expression is essential for somatic embryogenesis. Micropropagation of oil palm through tissue culture is vital for the generation of superior and uniform elite planting materials. Studies were carried out to identify genes to distinguish between leaf explants with the potential to develop into embryogenic or non-embryogenic callus.