Germination and False Germination Increase the Levels of Bioactive Steroidal Saponins in Oats.

The health benefits of oats, particularly their enhanced nutritional and bioactive properties when sprouted, are well-documented. However, changes in steroidal saponins during germination and false germination are lacking. This study explored the influence of various temperatures (20, 25, and 30 °C) and durations (1, 3, 5, and 7 days) on the steroidal saponin profiles in both germinated and false-germinated oats and assessed their anti-inflammatory activities.

Hepatoprotective effect of dietary pterostilbene against high-fat-diet-induced lipid accumulation exacerbated by chronic jet lag via SIRT1 and SIRT3 activation.

Hepatic lipid metabolism is modulated by the circadian rhythm; therefore, circadian disruption may promote obesity and hepatic lipid accumulation. This study aims to investigate dietary pterostilbene (PSB) 's protective effect against high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced lipid accumulation exacerbated by chronic jet lag and the potential role of gut microbiota therein. Mice were treated with a HFD and chronic jet lag for 14 weeks.

Amination Potentially Augments the Ameliorative Effect of Curcumin on Inhibition of the IL-6/Stat3/c-Myc Pathway and Gut Microbial Modulation in Colitis-Associated Tumorigenesis.

Epigallocatechin gallate and tetrahydrocurcumin are aminated as colonic metabolites, preserving their bioactivities and improving their capabilities. We compared the bioactivities of unaminated (CUR) and aminated (AC) curcumin in inflammatory colitis-associated tumorigenesis. The anti-inflammatory and anticancer capabilities of CUR and AC were evaluated using RAW264.

Piceatannol Prevents Colon Cancer Progression via Dual-Targeting to M2-Polarized Tumor-Associated Macrophages and the TGF-β1 Positive Feedback Signaling Pathway.

Scope: M2 phenotype tumor-associated macrophages (M2-TAMs) play a key role in distant metastasis and poor clinical outcomes. Herein, a specific molecular mechanism that contributes to malignant progression is illuminated and investigates whether piceatannol (PIC) can target the crosstalk between M2-TAMs and cancer cells for potential colorectal cancer (CRC) therapy.

Methods And Results: To mimic the tumor microenvironment (TME), direct and indirect coculture systems in vitro and in vivo mouse xenograft models are established.

Calebin-A prevents HFD-induced obesity in mice by promoting thermogenesis and modulating gut microbiota.

Background And Aim: Obesity is one of the complications of sedentary lifestyle and high-calorie food intake which become a global problem. Thermogenesis is a novel way to promote anti-obesity by consuming energy as heat rather than storing it as triacylglycerols. Over the last decade, growing evidence has identified the gut microbiota as a potential factor in the pathophysiology of obesity.

Dietary Pterostilbene and Resveratrol Modulate the Gut Microbiota Influenced by Circadian Rhythm Dysregulation.

Scope: A causal relationship between circadian misalignment and microbiota dysbiosis has been discussed recently, due to their association to pathogenesis. Herein, the possible impact of pterostilbene (PSB) and resveratrol (RES) on the gut microbiota brought by chronic jet-lag in mice is investigated.

Methods And Results: Dietary supplement of RES and PSB (0.

Inhibitory Effect of Garcinol on Obesity-Exacerbated, Colitis-Mediated Colon Carcinogenesis.

Scope: Epidemiological studies show a consistent and compelling association between the risk of colorectal cancer development and obesity, but its mechanisms remain poorly understood. Evidence is mounting that colorectal cancer can be prevented by nutritional supplements, such as phytochemicals. Garcinol, a polyisoprenylated benzophenone derivative, is widely present in Garcinia plants.

Pterostilbene Attenuates High-Fat Diet and Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis via Suppressing Inflammation and Intestinal Fibrosis in Mice.

The worldwide prevalence of obesity has significantly increased over the past few decades. It is currently believed that obesity is a risk factor for developing inflammatory bowel disease. Pterostilbene (PTS), a naturally occurring stilbene from blueberries, is known to have anticancer, anti-inflammation, antifibrosis, and antiobesity effects.

3'-Hydroxypterostilbene Inhibits 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)/12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-Acetate (TPA)-Induced Mouse Skin Carcinogenesis.

Background: A natural pterostilbene analogue isolated from the herb Sphaerophysa salsula, 3'-hydroxypterostilbene (HPSB), exhibits antiproliferative activity in several cancer cell lines; however, the inhibitory effects of HPSB on skin carcinogenesis remains unclear.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effects of HPSB on two-stage skin carcinogenesis in mice and its potential mechanism.

Study Design And Methods: This study investigated the anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects of HPSB in the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-stimulated acute skin inflammation and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)/TPA-induced two-stage skin carcinogenesis model.

A multi-targeting strategy to ameliorate high-fat-diet- and fructose-induced (western diet-induced) non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with supplementation of a mixture of legume ethanol extracts.

NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) is a multifactorial liver disease related to multiple causes or unhealthy conditions, including obesity and chronic inflammation. The accumulation of excess triglycerides, called steatosis, is known as a hallmark of an imbalance between the rates of hepatic fatty acid uptake/synthesis and oxidation/export. Furthermore, occurrence of NAFLD may lead to a cocktail of disease consequences caused by the altered metabolism of glucose, lipids, and lipoproteins, for instance, insulin resistance, type II diabetes, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), liver fibrosis, and even hepatocarcinogenesis.

3'-Hydroxypterostilbene Potently Alleviates Obesity Exacerbated Colitis in Mice.

Epidemiological surveys show that obesity and the western diet increase the risk of colitis. Studies have also confirmed that the high-fat-diet (HFD) promoted the deterioration of colitis-related indicators in mice. Compared with stilbenoids, the results showed that 3'-hydroxypterostilbene (HPSB) was found to be the most effective inhibitor for the antiadipogenesis and anti-inflammation.

Adzuki Bean Water Extract Attenuates Obesity by Modulating M2/M1 Macrophage Polarization and Gut Microbiota Composition.

Scope: Obesity is a chronic condition resulting in excessive fat accumulation in adipose tissues. Adipose tissue is now considered as an immune organ, at the crossroads between metabolism and immunity. Thus, this study investigates the effects of adzuki beans on obesity and gut microbiota in high fat diet-induced mice.

Garcinol Reduces Obesity in High-Fat-Diet-Fed Mice by Modulating Gut Microbiota Composition.

Scope: Obesity has become a major health problem worldwide and is associated with low-grade chronic inflammation and intestinal dysbiosis. This study is conducted to investigate the chemopreventive effects of garcinol, a polyisoprenylated benzophenone derivative isolated from the fruit rind of Garcinia indica. How garcinol protects against obesity in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced mice is delineated and whether its anti-obesity effects are related to gut microbiota has been determined.

Food Bioactives and Their Effects on Obesity-Accelerated Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Current views support the concept that obesity is linked to a worsening of the course of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Gut microbiota and adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) are considered key mediators or contributors in obesity-associated intestinal inflammation. Dietary components can have direct or indirect effects on "normal" or "healthy" microbial composition and participate in adiposity and metabolic status with gut inflammation.

Chemoprevention by resveratrol and pterostilbene: Targeting on epigenetic regulation.

Epigenetic mechanisms are essential in regulating normal cellular functions and play an important role during the disease developmental stages. However, aberrant epigenetic mechanisms may lead to pathological consequences such as cancer, neurological disorders, bone and skeletal diseases, cardiovascular dysfunction, and metabolic syndrome. The molecular mechanisms of epigenetic modification include DNA methylation, histone modification (acetylation, methylation and phosphorylation), and microRNAs (miRNAs).

3'-Hydroxypterostilbene Suppresses Colitis-Associated Tumorigenesis by Inhibition of IL-6/STAT3 Signaling in Mice.

3'-Hydroxypterostilbene (trans-3,5-dimethoxy-3',4'-hydroxystilbene) presents in Sphaerophysa salsula, Pterocarpus marsupium, and honey bee propolis and has been reported to exhibit several biological activities. Herein, we aimed to explore the chemopreventive effects of dietary 3'-hydroxypterostilbene and underlying molecular mechanisms on colitis-associated cancer using the azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) model. 3'-Hydroxypterostilbene administration effectively ameliorated the colon shortening and number of tumors in AOM/DSS-treated mice (3.

Suppression of Adipogenesis by 5-Hydroxy-3,6,7,8,3',4'-Hexamethoxyflavone from Orange Peel in 3T3-L1 Cells.

We reported previously that hydroxylated polymethoxyflavones (HPMFs) effectively suppressed obesity in high-fat-induced mouse. In this study, we further investigated the molecular mechanism of action of 5-hydroxy-3,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone (5-OH-HxMF), one of major HPMFs in orange peel. Treatment of 5-OH-HxMF effectively inhibited lipid accumulation by 55-60% in a dose-dependent manner.

Inhibition of TNF-α, IL-1α, and IL-1β by Pretreatment of Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages with Menaquinone-7 and Cell Activation with TLR Agonists In Vitro.

Circulatory markers of low-grade inflammation such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) positively correlate with endothelial damage, atheroma formation, cardiovascular disease, and aging. The natural vitamin K2-menaquinone-7 (MK-7) added to the cell culture of human monocyte-derived macrophages (hMDMs) at the same time as toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists did not influence the production of TNF-α. When the cells were pretreated up to 6 h with MK-7 before treatment with TLR agonists, MK-7 did not inhibit significantly the production of TNF-α after the TLR activation.

Bisdemethoxycurcumin Inhibits Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes and Suppresses Obesity in High-Fat Diet-Fed C57BL/6 Mice.

Obesity is caused by excessive accumulation of body fat and is closely related to complex metabolic diseases. Adipogenesis is a key process that is required in adipocyte hypertrophy in the development of obesity. Curcumin (Cur) has been reported to inhibit adipocyte differentiation, but the inhibitory effects of other curcuminoids present in turmeric, such as demethoxycurcumin (DMC) and bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC), on adipogenesis have not been investigated.