Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Against .

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) are pathogens that endanger a wide range of crops and cause serious global agricultural losses. In this study, we investigated metabolites of the endoparasitic fungus YMF1.01751, with the expectation of discovering valuable biocontrol compounds.

Variation in the contents of four flavonoid glycosides in edible leaves during different harvesting periods and optimization of the extraction process.

Despite being recognized as a specialty food in four Chinese provinces with established safety standards, Kimura et Migo (Orchidaceae) leaf physicochemical indices overlook vital flavonoid glycoside components. Given the inconsistency in flavonoid quality under current standards, we devised a quantitative analysis targeting vicenin 2, vicenin 3, rutin, and isoviolanthin. Our analysis revealed significant seasonal variations, with harvests yielding the highest total content of these four flavonoid glycosides in February (1.

-3-Indoleacrylic Acid: A Nematicidal Compound from YMF3.862 as V-ATPase Inhibitor on .

The application of the bionematicides derived from microorganisms and their secondary metabolites represents a promising strategy for managing root-knot nematodes. In this study, a nematicidal compound, -3-indoleacrylic acid, was isolated from YMF3.862.

Exploring the nematicidal mechanisms and control efficiencies of oxalic acid producing WF01 against root-knot nematodes.

Background And Aims: Root-knot nematodes (RKN; spp.) are among the highly prevalent and significantly detrimental pathogens that cause severe economic and yield losses in crops. Currently, control of RKN primarily relies on the application of chemical nematicides but it has environmental and public health concerns, which open new doors for alternative methods in the form of biological control.

, a Virulence Factor of , Regulates Pathogenicity by Participating in Trap Formation and Metabolite Synthesis.

The capsule-associated protein 10 gene () is indispensable due to its involvement in pod formation and virulence maintenance in . The function of the gene in nematode-predatory fungi remains unreported. As a typical nematode-trapping fungus, efficiently captures nematodes using adhesive knobs, which has potential applications in the biological control of plant-parasitic nematodes.

Secondary metabolites and their bioactivities from YMF1.00003.

Four new polyketides (-) and seven known compounds (-) including three polyketides and four sterols were isolated from the fermented extracts of YMF1.00003. The new chemical structures were determined through the analysis of the nuclear magnetic resonance and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and their configurations were subsequently confirmed by nuclear overhauser effect spectroscopy, the calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra, and quantum chemical calculations of the NMR data (qcc NMR).

Quassinoids from Twigs of (Blanco) Merr and Their Anti-Parkinson's Disease Effect.

Six new C-20 and one new C-19 quassinoids, named perforalactones F-L (-), were isolated from twigs of . Spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic experiments were conducted to identify their structures. Through oxidative degradation of perforalactone B to perforaqussin A, the biogenetic process from C-25 quassinoid to C-20 via Baeyer-Villiger oxidation was proposed.

2-Furoic acid associated with the infection of nematodes by and its biocontrol potential on plant root-knot nematodes.

is a typical nematode-trapping fungus that has garnered the attention of many scholars for its highly effective lethal potential for nematodes. Secondary metabolites play an important role in -nematode interactions, but which metabolites perform which function remains unclear. We report the metabolic functions based on high-quality, chromosome-level genome assembly of wild YMF1.

Ethanol mediates the interaction between and the nematophagous fungus .

Accurately recognizing pathogens by the host is vital for initiating appropriate immune response against infecting microorganisms. has no known receptor to recognize pathogen-associated molecular pattern. However, recent studies showed that nematodes have a strong specificity for transcriptomes infected by different pathogens, indicating that they can identify different pathogenic microorganisms.

Appressoria-Small but Incredibly Powerful Structures in Plant-Pathogen Interactions.

Plant-pathogenic fungi are responsible for many of the most severe crop diseases in the world and remain very challenging to control. Improving current protection strategies or designating new measures based on an overall understanding of molecular host-pathogen interaction mechanisms could be helpful for disease management. The attachment and penetration of the plant surface are the most important events among diverse plant-fungi interactions.

Activities and metabolomics of under different culture conditions.

Many active metabolites have been identified from various species of the fungal genus . A predominant species of this genus is , but there are limited reports on the active ingredients from this species. This study aimed to conduct activity assays and metabolome analysis on extracts of obtained under different culture conditions.

The metabolite alpha-ketobutyrate extends lifespan by promoting peroxisomal function in C. elegans.

Metabolism is intimately linked to aging. There is a growing number of studies showing that endogenous metabolites may delay aging and improve healthspan. Through the analysis of existing transcriptome data, we discover a link between activation of the transsulfuration pathway and a transcriptional program involved in peroxisome function and biogenesis in long-lived glp-1(e2141ts) mutant Caenorhabditis elegans worms.

Identification and Mechanism of Action of the Global Secondary Metabolism Regulator SaraC in .

DNA methylation is an important factor in the regulation of gene expression. In analyzing genomic data of Stereum hirsutum FP-91666, we found a hypothetical bifunctional transcription regulator/Oguanine-DNA methyltransferase (named SaraC), which is widely present in both bacteria and fungi, and confirmed that its function in bacteria is mainly for DNA reparation. In this paper, we confirmed that SaraC has the function of DNA binding and demethylation through surface plasma resonance and reaction experiments .

Metabolites and Their Bioactivities from the Genus .

The genus is a group of ascomycete parasitic fungi, and all known species of this genus are endoparasites; they mainly feed on insects or arthropods and a few feed on other fungi. Fungi of this genus have evolved highly specific and complex mechanisms to escape their host's immune system and coordinate their life cycle coefficients with those of their hosts for survival and reproduction; this mechanism has led to the production of distinctive metabolites in response to the host's defenses. Herein, we review approximately 131 metabolites discovered in the genus (including mycelium, fruiting bodies and fungal complexes) in the past 15 years, which can be used as an important source for new drug research and development.

Pathogenicity and Metabolites of YMF1.00683 against .

is a biological control agent with several registered products that can parasitize the eggs and larvae of various pathogenic nematodes. In this study, the pathogenicity and secondary metabolites of the fungus YMF1.00683 were investigated.

Identification of Nematicidal Metabolites from .

is a fungus with promising biocontrol applications. Here, transcriptome data acquired during the infection of by showed that the transcription of metabolite synthesis genes was significantly up-regulated after 24 and 48 h of the fungus-nematode interaction. Then, the up-regulated transcription level of lipoxygenase was confirmed by RT-qPCR.

Recent Advances in the Synthetic Biology of Natural Drugs.

Natural drugs have been transformed and optimized during the long process of evolution. These compounds play a very important role in the protection of human health and treatment of human diseases. Sustainable approaches to the generation of raw materials for pharmaceutical products have been extensively investigated in drug research and development because chemical synthesis is costly and generates pollution.

Sesquiterpenoids and their quaternary ammonium hybrids from the mycelium of mushroom Stereum hirsutum by medium optimization.

The fungal genus Stereum (Stereaceae) produces a broad variety of specialised metabolites, including a wide range of terpenes. This probably relates to the presence of an extensive biosynthetic machinery for this group of compounds: genomic analysis of Stereum hirsutum has identified 16 terpene synthase gene clusters, 6 polyketide synthase gene clusters, and 1 polyketide synthase non-ribosomal polypeptide heterodimer gene cluster in S. hirsutum FP-91666.

Advances in the Study of Metabolomics and Metabolites in Some Species Interactions.

In the natural environment, interactions between species are a common natural phenomena. The mechanisms of interaction between different species are mainly studied using genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic techniques. Metabolomics is a crucial part of system biology and is based on precision instrument analysis.

Stereumamides E-H, four new minor quaternary ammonium hybrids from .

In our preview research, four novel quaternary ammonium hybrids were isolated from the FP-91666. To further discover this type of compounds, was fermented in 30 L YMG broth, and eight hybrid compounds including four new quaternary ammoniums were obtained, which are sesquiterpenes combined with α-amino acids. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses, including 1D- and 2D-NMR, and HR-MS experiments.

Vib-PT, an Aromatic Prenyltransferase Involved in the Biosynthesis of Vibralactone from .

Vibralactone, a hybrid compound derived from phenols and a prenyl group, is a strong pancreatic lipase inhibitor with a rare fused bicyclic β-lactone skeleton. Recently, a researcher reported a vibralactone derivative (compound C1) that caused inhibition of pancreatic lipase with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 14 nM determined by structure-based optimization, suggesting a potential candidate as a new antiobesity treatment. In the present study, we sought to identify the main gene encoding prenyltransferase in , which is responsible for the prenylation of phenol leading to vibralactone synthesis.

Griseaketides A-D, New Aromatic Polyketides from the Pathogenic Fungus .

is the causal agent of rice blast disease, which is the most serious disease of cultivated rice. Aromatic polyketides are its typical metabolites and are involved in the infection process. In the search for novel lead compounds, chemical investigation of the fungus M639 has led to the isolation of four new aromatic polyketides (salicylaldehyde skeleton bearing an unsaturated side chain), griseaketides A-D (-), as well as 15 known compounds (-).

Antibacterial diketopiperazines from an endophytic fungus Bionectria sp. Y1085.

Two new diketopiperazines (1, 2), one new polyprenol (3), together with 19 known compounds (4-22) were obtained from the EtOAc extract of Bionectria sp. Y1085, an endophytic fungus isolated from the plant Huperzia serrata. Their structures were elucidated by extensive NMR and MS analysis.

Metabolites from the endophytic fungus sp. F168.

An endophytic fungus, sp. F168, was isolated from plant (Thunb. ex Murray) Trev.

Adiponectin receptor PAQR-2 signaling senses low temperature to promote C. elegans longevity by regulating autophagy.

Temperature is a key factor for determining the lifespan of both poikilotherms and homeotherms. It is believed that animals live longer at lower body temperatures. However, the precise mechanism remains largely unknown.