Symbiodiniaceae algal symbionts of Pocillopora damicornis larvae provide more carbon to their coral host under elevated levels of acidification and temperature.

Climate change destabilizes the symbiosis between corals and Symbiodiniaceae. The effects of ocean acidification and warming on critical aspects of coral survical such as symbiotic interactions (i.e.

Decoupling of strain- and intrastrain-level interactions of microbiomes in a sponge holobiont.

Holobionts are highly organized assemblages of eukaryotic hosts, cellular microbial symbionts, and viruses, whose interactions and evolution involve complex biological processes. It is largely unknown which specific determinants drive similarity or individuality in genetic diversity between holobionts. Here, we combine short- and long-read sequencing and DNA-proximity-linkage technologies to investigate intraspecific diversity of the microbiomes, including host-resolved viruses, in individuals of a model marine sponge.

Concise Synthesis of Cyctetryptomycin A and B Enabled by Zr-Catalyzed Dimerization.

A concise synthetic strategy utilizing a Zr catalyst for the construction of cyctetryptomycin A and B is reported. Cyctetryptomycin A and B are recently isolated, complex tetrameric natural products for which total synthesis has not been previously reported. This study presents a practical approach for the construction of two consecutive quaternary carbon centers with a Zr catalyst.

Deciphering deep-sea chemosynthetic symbiosis by single-nucleus RNA-sequencing.

Bathymodioline mussels dominate deep-sea methane seep and hydrothermal vent habitats and obtain nutrients and energy primarily through chemosynthetic endosymbiotic bacteria in the bacteriocytes of their gill. However, the molecular mechanisms that orchestrate mussel host-symbiont interactions remain unclear. Here, we constructed a comprehensive cell atlas of the gill in the mussel from the South China Sea methane seeps (1100 m depth) using single-nucleus RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) and whole-mount in situ hybridisation.

Single-cell RNA-seq reveals distinct metabolic "microniches" and close host-symbiont interactions in deep-sea chemosynthetic tubeworm.

Vestimentiferan tubeworms that thrive in deep-sea chemosynthetic ecosystems rely on a single species of sulfide-oxidizing gammaproteobacterial endosymbionts housed in a specialized symbiotic organ called trophosome as their primary carbon source. While this simple symbiosis is remarkably productive, the host-symbiont molecular interactions remain unelucidated. Here, we applied an approach for deep-sea in situ single-cell fixation in a cold-seep tubeworm, .

Scallop-bacteria symbiosis from the deep sea reveals strong genomic coupling in the absence of cellular integration.

Previous studies have revealed tight metabolic complementarity between bivalves and their endosymbiotic chemosynthetic bacteria, but little is known about their interactions with ectosymbionts. Our analysis of the ectosymbiosis between a deep-sea scallop (Catillopecten margaritatus) and a gammaproteobacterium showed that bivalves could be highly interdependent with their ectosymbionts as well. Our microscopic observation revealed abundant sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) on the surfaces of the gill epithelial cells.

Gene expression of Pocillopora damicornis coral larvae in response to acidification and ocean warming.

Objectives: The endosymbiosis with Symbiodiniaceae is key to the ecological success of reef-building corals. However, climate change is threatening to destabilize this symbiosis on a global scale. Most studies looking into the response of corals to heat stress and ocean acidification focus on coral colonies.

Discovery of P450-Modified Sesquiterpenoids Levinoids A-D through Global Genome Mining.

Cytochrome P450-modified bacterial terpenoids remain in a vast chemical space to be explored. In the present study, we conducted global genome mining of 223,829 bacterial genomes and identified 2892 bacterial terpenoid biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) with cytochrome P450 genes. Among these, we selected 562 with multiple P450 enzymes, which were further clustered as 355 gene cluster families by sequence similarity analysis.

Organophosphate flame retardants and their metabolites in the Pearl River Estuary: Occurrence, influencing factors, and ecological risk control strategies based on a mass balance model.

Estuaries serve as crucial filters for land-based pollutants to the open sea, but there is a lack of information on the migration and fate of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) within estuaries. This study focused on the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) by examining the co-occurrence of OPFRs and their metabolites and quantifying their transport fluxes using a mass balance model. The seawater concentrations of OPFRs and their metabolites exhibited significant seasonal variations (p < 0.

Genomic and transcriptomic insights into complex virus-prokaryote interactions in marine biofilms.

Marine biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms that play a crucial ecological role in oceans. Although prokaryotes are the dominant members of these biofilms, little is known about their interactions with viruses. By analysing publicly available and newly sequenced metagenomic data, we identified 2446 virus-prokaryote connections in 84 marine biofilms.

Novel marine natural products as effective TRPV1 channel blockers.

Chronic pain management poses a formidable challenge to healthcare, exacerbated by current analgesic options' limitations and adverse effects. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), a non-selective cation channel, has emerged as a promising target for novel analgesics. However, safety and tolerability concerns have constrained the development of TRPV1 modulators.

Abi Family Protein, DidK, Is Involved in the Maturation of Anticancer Depsipeptide, Didemnin B.

Didemnin B is a marine-derived depsipeptide with potent antiviral and anticancer activities. A prodrug activation mechanism was previously proposed for the biosynthesis of didemnin B by the nonribosomal peptide synthetase/polyketide synthase (NRPS/PKS) assembly line, but the enzyme involved in the maturation process remained unknown. Herein, we demonstrated that DidA, a dimodular NRPS predicted with unrelated activity to didemnin B structure assembly, was indispensable to produce didemnin B, confirming the prodrug mechanism in didemnin B biosynthesis.

Mode of action of antimicrobial agents albofungins in eradicating penicillin- and cephalosporin-resistant biofilm.

Albofungin is a promising broad-spectrum antimicrobial compound against multidrug-resistant bacteria. In the present study, we further investigated albofungin's biofilm eradication activity and its potential mode of action against drug-resistant . Among all derivatives, albofungin exhibited the best antibiofilm and antibacterial activity with rapid killing effects at 0.

Gene co-option, duplication and divergence of cement proteins underpin the evolution of bioadhesives across barnacle life histories.

Acquisition of new genes often results in the emergence of novel functions and is a key step in lineage-specific adaptation. As a group of sessile crustaceans, barnacles establish permanent attachment through initial cement secretion at the larval phase followed by continuous cement secretion in juveniles and adults. However, the origins and evolution of barnacle larval and adult cement proteins remain poorly understood.

Mode of action of antifouling compound albofungin in inhibiting barnacle larval settlement.

Marine biofouling causes huge economic losses to the marine industry every year. Albofungin is a potential antifoulant showing strong anti-macrofouling activities against larval settlement of major fouling organisms. In the present study, directed RNA-seq and proteomic analyses were used to investigate changes in the transcriptome and proteome of a major fouling barnacle cyprids in response to albofungin treatment.

Third-Generation Sequencing Reveals the Adaptive Role of the Epigenome in Three Deep-Sea Polychaetes.

The roles of DNA methylation in invertebrates are poorly characterized, and critical data are missing for the phylum Annelida. We fill this knowledge gap by conducting the first genome-wide survey of DNA methylation in the deep-sea polychaetes dominant in deep-sea vents and seeps: Paraescarpia echinospica, Ridgeia piscesae, and Paralvinella palmiformis. DNA methylation calls were inferred from Oxford Nanopore sequencing after assembling high-quality genomes of these animals.

Ecological differences among hydrothermal vent symbioses may drive contrasting patterns of symbiont population differentiation.

The intra-host composition of horizontally transmitted microbial symbionts can vary across host populations due to interactive effects of host genetics, environmental, and geographic factors. While adaptation to local habitat conditions can drive geographic subdivision of symbiont strains, it is unknown how differences in ecological characteristics among host-symbiont associations influence the genomic structure of symbiont populations. To address this question, we sequenced metagenomes of different populations of the deep-sea mussel , which are common at Western Pacific deep-sea hydrothermal vents and show characteristic patterns of niche partitioning with sympatric gastropod symbioses.

Mechanistic Insight into the Inhibitory Activity of Elasnin-Based Coating against Early Marine Biofilms.

Marine biofilms are multispecies microbial communities on surfaces that are crucial to the marine environment. They cause marine corrosion, biofouling, and transmission of marine pathogens and thus pose a great threat to public health and the maritime industry. To control marine biofilms, effective and environmentally friendly antibiofilm compounds are highly needed.

Structural identification of pyridinopyrone compounds with anti-neuroinflammatory activity from streptomyces sulphureus DSM 40104.

This study investigated the chemical composition and biosynthesis pathway of compounds produced by DSM 40104. With the guild of molecular networking analysis, we isolated and identified six uncommon structural characteristics of compounds, including four newly discovered pyridinopyrones. Based on genomic analysis, we proposed a possible hybrid NRPS-PKS biosynthesis pathway for pyridinopyrones.