An EED/PRC2-H19 Loop Regulates Cerebellar Development.

EED (embryonic ectoderm development) is a core subunit of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which senses the trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27). However, its biological function in cerebellar development remains unknown. Here, we show that EED deletion from neural stem cells (NSCs) or cerebellar granule cell progenitors (GCPs) leads to reduced GCPs proliferation, cell death, cerebellar hypoplasia, and motor deficits in mice.

Neuronal cathepsin S increases neuroinflammation and causes cognitive decline via CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis and JAK2-STAT3 pathway in aging and Alzheimer's disease.

Aging is an intricate process involving interactions among multiple factors, which is one of the main risks for chronic diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). As a member of cysteine protease, cathepsin S (CTSS) has been implicated in inflammation across various diseases. Here, we investigated the role of neuronal CTSS in aging and AD started by examining CTSS expression in hippocampus neurons of aging mice and identified a significant increase, which was negatively correlated with recognition abilities.

Construction of induced pluripotent stem cell line (CSBZZUi002-A) from the fibroblast cells of a healthy female.

We recruited a healthy 44-year-old female and obtained her skin fibroblasts. Subsequently, the induced pluripotent stem cell line was successfully established using non-integrated reprogramming technology. The cell line had a normal karyotype and has been confirmed to have good pluripotency through the detection of pluripotency markers and detection of teratoma formation.

Lectin YKL-40 Level and Telomere Length are Indicators of Insomnia Disorder.

Objective: To explore the relationship between YKL-40 level, telomere length, and different subtypes of insomnia disorder.

Methods: A total of 145 individuals suffering from insomnia were enrolled and divided into four groups according to the insomniac subtypes: difficulty initiating sleep, early morning awakening, difficulty maintaining sleep, and mixed symptoms. Eighty healthy controls were also collected at the same time.

Optimization of differentiation conditions for porcine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and analysis of fatty acids in cultured fat.

Cultured fat is an important part of cultured meat, and the ability of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) to differentiate into mature adipose tissue affects the quality of cultured fat. Thus, the primary aim of this study was to screen for combinations of differentiation-inducing factors (DIF) using single-factor experiment and orthogonal experimental design under two-dimensional culture conditions for ADSCs. The results showed that a combination of DIF consisting of 1 μmol/L dexamethasone, 0.

Broadening Horizons: Exploring the Cathepsin Family as Therapeutic Targets for Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an intricate neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of misfolded proteins, including beta-amyloid (Aβ) and tau, leading to cognitive decline. Despite decades of research, the precise mechanisms underlying its onset and progression remain elusive. Cathepsins are a family of lysosomal enzymes that play vital roles in cellular processes, including protein degradation and regulation of immune responses.

Generation of an induced pluripotent stem cell line (CSBZZUi001-A) from a female Alzheimer's patient carrying the PSEN1 709 T > C heterozygous mutation.

Pluripotent stem cells were generated through the electroporation of episomal plasmids, containing crucial reprogramming factors, into skin fibroblasts extracted from a female Alzheimer's patient harboring the PSEN1 709 T > C (p.Phe237Leu) heterozygous mutation. The pluripotent stem cells exhibit a normal karyotype and express pivotal stem cell markers including TRA-1-60, Nanog, SOX2, and OCT4.

Livestock turnover and dynamic livestock carrying capacity are crucial factors for alpine grassland management: The Qinghai-Tibetan plateau as a case study.

Alpine grasslands are distributed widely on high-elevated ranges and plateaus from the wet tropics to polar regions, accounting for approximately 3% of the world's land area. The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) is the highest and largest plateau in the world, and approximately 60% of the plateau consists of alpine grassland, which is used mainly for grazing animals. Livestock structure was determined in Guinan (GN), Yushu (YS) and Maqu counties (MQ) on the QTP by interviewing 235 local pastoralists.

Development and Application of a Mitochondrial Genetically Encoded Voltage Indicator in Narcosis.

Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) plays a crucial role in the function of cells and organelles, involving various cellular physiological processes, including energy production, formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), unfolded protein stress, and cell survival. Currently, there is a lack of genetically encoded fluorescence indicators (GEVIs) for MMP. In our screening of various GEVIs for their potential monitoring MMP, the Accelerated Sensor of Action Potentials (ASAP) demonstrated optimal performance in targeting mitochondria and sensitivity to depolarization in multiple cell types.

Neurotransmitter accumulation and Parkinson's disease-like phenotype caused by anion channelrhodopsin opto-controlled astrocytic mitochondrial depolarization in substantia nigra pars compacta.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a mitochondria-related neurodegenerative disease characterized by locomotor deficits and loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the (SNc). Majority of PD research primarily focused on neuronal dysfunction, while the roles of astrocytes and their mitochondria remain largely unexplored. To bridge the gap and investigate the roles of astrocytic mitochondria in PD progression, we constructed a specialized optogenetic tool, mitochondrial-targeted anion channelrhodopsin, to manipulate mitochondrial membrane potential in astrocytes.

Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (ZZUCSBi001-A) from skin fibroblasts of a healthy donor.

Fibroblasts were extracted from the scalp of a healthy 55-year-old male and subsequently transformed into pluripotent stem cells by introducing episomal plasmids harboring essential reprogramming factors. These induced pluripotent stem cells exhibited a normal karyotype and demonstrated the capacity to differentiate into all three germ layers, as confirmed through teratoma assays. This specific cell line serves as a valuable reference for comparative investigations alongside other induced pluripotent stem cell lines generated from somatic cells of patients afflicted by genetic neurodegenerative disorders.

Progress in pH-Sensitive sensors: essential tools for organelle pH detection, spotlighting mitochondrion and diverse applications.

pH-sensitive fluorescent proteins have revolutionized the field of cellular imaging and physiology, offering insight into the dynamic pH changes that underlie fundamental cellular processes. This comprehensive review explores the diverse applications and recent advances in the use of pH-sensitive fluorescent proteins. These remarkable tools enable researchers to visualize and monitor pH variations within subcellular compartments, especially mitochondria, shedding light on organelle-specific pH regulation.

Reduced PATL2 Impairs the Proliferation of Ovarian Granulosa Cells by Decreasing ADM2 Expression in Patients with PCOS.

It is recognized that PCOS patients are often accompanied with aberrant follicular development, which is an important factor leading to infertility in patients. However, the relevant regulatory mechanisms of abnormal follicular development are not well understood. In the present study, by collecting human ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) from PCOS patients who underwent in vitro fertilization (IVF), we found that the proliferation ability of GCs in PCOS patients was significantly reduced.

Abnormal chromatin remodeling caused by ARID1A deletion leads to malformation of the dentate gyrus.

ARID1A, an SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling gene, is commonly mutated in cancer and hypothesized to be a tumor suppressor. Recently, loss-of-function of ARID1A gene has been shown to cause intellectual disability. Here we generate Arid1a conditional knockout mice and investigate Arid1a function in the hippocampus.

Antibacterial efficacy of phenyllactic acid against Pseudomonas lundensis and Brochothrix thermosphacta and its synergistic application on modified atmosphere/air-packaged fresh pork loins.

Microbial contamination is a crucial problem that is difficult to solve for the meat industry. Therefore, this study explored the antibacterial efficacy of phenyllactic acid (PLA) against Pseudomonas lundensis (PL) and Brochothrix thermosphacta (BT) solely and in combination (PL + BT). It also provided insights into its synergistic preservation effect during inoculation in chilled (4 °C) fresh pork loins under air (AP) and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP).

ASH2L regulates postnatal neurogenesis through Onecut2-mediated inhibition of TGF-β signaling pathway.

The ability of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) to proliferate and differentiate is required through different stages of neurogenesis. Disturbance in the regulation of neurogenesis causes many neurological diseases, such as intellectual disability, autism, and schizophrenia. However, the intrinsic mechanisms of this regulation in neurogenesis remain poorly understood.

N-acetylcysteine promotes the proliferation of porcine adipose-derived stem cells during in vitro long-term expansion for cultured meat production.

Cultured meat is an efficient, safe and sustainable meat production technology. Adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) is a promising cell type for cultured meat. In vitro, obtaining numerous of ADSCs is a pivotal step for cultured meat.

Evaluation the food safety of cultured fat via detection of residues of adipogenic differentiation cocktail in cultured fat with high performance liquid chromatography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Cultured fat is inducing adipose progenitor cells (APCs) to differentiate into mature adipocytes for consumption. The traditional adipogenic differentiation cocktail, including insulin, dexamethasone, indomethacin, isobutylmethylxanthine and rosiglitazone, has potential food safety problems in cultured fat. Therefore, the detection of these residues is necessary to ensure food safety.

Computed tomography-guided Sens-cure needle localization for scapular-blocked lung nodules.

Introduction: The use of preoperative computed tomography (CT) to guide the wedge resection (WR) of lung nodules (LNs) in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is widely accepted. However, some LNs may be blocked by the scapula and a trans-scapular approach should be used when performing the localization procedures.

Aim: To investigate the feasibility, safety, and clinical effectiveness of preoperative CT-guided Sens-cure needle (SCN) localization for scapula-blocked LNs (SBLNs).

KW-2449 and VPA exert therapeutic effects on human neurons and cerebral organoids derived from MECP2-null hESCs.

Background: Rett syndrome (RTT), mainly caused by mutations in methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MECP2), is one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders in girls. However, the underlying mechanism of MECP2 remains largely unknown and currently there is no effective treatment available for RTT.

Methods: We generated MECP2-KO human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), and differentiated them into neurons and cerebral organoids to investigate phenotypes of MECP2 loss-of-function, potential therapeutic agents, and the underlying mechanism by transcriptome sequencing.

Acetate supplementation restores cognitive deficits caused by ARID1A haploinsufficiency in excitatory neurons.

Mutations in AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1A (ARID1A) cause Coffin-Siris syndrome (CSS), a rare genetic disorder that results in mild to severe intellectual disabilities. However, the biological role of ARID1A in the brain remains unclear. In this study, we report that the haploinsufficiency of ARID1A in excitatory neurons causes cognitive impairment and defects in hippocampal synaptic transmission and dendritic morphology in mice.

Fronto-parietal cortex activation during walking in patients with Parkinson's disease adopting different postural strategies.

Background: Cortical activation patterns in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) may be influenced by postural strategies, but the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. Our aim is to examine the role of the fronto-parietal lobes in patients with PD adopting different postural strategies and the effect of dual task (DT) on fronto-parietal activation.

Methods: Two groups of patients with PD adopting either the posture first strategy (PD-PF) or the posture second strategy (PD-PS) were examined respectively when in the "OFF" state while single-walking task (SW) and DT.

Aberrant BMP15/HIF-1α/SCF signaling pathway in human granulosa cells is involved in the PCOS related abnormal follicular development.

Aims: To investigate the regulatory mechanism of SCF expression in human GCs of PCOS related follicles.

Materials And Methods: SCF, BMP15 and HIF-1α were evaluated in human serums, follicular fluids (FFs) and GCs, which were collected from 69 PCOS patients and 74 normal ovulatory patients. KGN cell line was used in this study.

Production of cultured fat with peanut wire-drawing protein scaffold and quality evaluation based on texture and volatile compounds analysis.

Cultured meat is an emergent technology that cultivates cells in three-dimensional scaffolds to generate tissue for consumption. Fat makes an important contribution to the flavor and texture of traditional meat, but there are few reports on cultured fat. Here, we demonstrated the construction of cultured fat by inoculating porcine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADSC) on peanut wire-drawing protein (PWP) scaffolds.