Loss to Follow up among Glaucoma Patients at a Tertiary Eye Center over 10 Years: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Clinical Outcomes.

Purpose: To assess the incidence, risk factors, and clinical consequences of loss to follow up (LTFU) among glaucoma patients at our institution over a 10-year period.

Methods: This retrospective study examined LTFU among a cohort of glaucoma patients with a clinical encounter in 2010. LTFU was defined as 52 weeks or more without an encounter and without alternative reason for discontinued care, such as discharge, documented move, or death.

Characteristics Associated with Barriers to Eye Care: A Cross-Sectional Survey at a Free Vision Screening Event.

Introduction: Social determinants of health can limit access to regular eye care, but their role in ophthalmology is underexamined. The purpose of this study is to assess the relationship between patient characteristics and self-reported barriers to eye care.

Methods: This anonymous, cross-sectional survey was conducted at a 2-day free eye clinic event in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Experiences of mimicry in eating disorders.

Background: People unknowingly mimic the behaviors of others, a process that results in feelings of affiliation. However, some individuals with eating disorders describe feeling "triggered" when mimicked. This study explores the effects of implicit non-verbal mimicry on individuals with a history of an eating disorder (ED-His) compared to healthy controls (HCs).

The surprise of reaching out: Appreciated more than we think.

People are fundamentally social beings and enjoy connecting with others. Sometimes, people reach out to others-whether simply to check-in on how others are doing with brief messages or to show that they are thinking of others by sending small gifts to them. Yet, despite the importance and enjoyment of social connection, do people accurately understand how much other people value being reached out to by someone in their social circle? Across a series of preregistered experiments, we document a robust underestimation of how much other people appreciate being reached out to.

Predicting others' social interaction preferences: What to do, for how long, and how often.

We present a three-dimensional what, how long, and how often framework to discuss three main inferences about other people's preferences for repeated social interactions over time in terms of: (1) what to do together, (2) how long to spend together on each occasion, and (3) how often to spend time together. For each dimension, we discuss when and how people make inferences about other people's preferences, as well as the consequences of making incorrect inferences. The three dimensions are conceptually independent; however, decisions made on one dimension can sometimes affect decisions made on others.

Relationship Between Levels of Digital Health Literacy Based on the Taiwan Digital Health Literacy Assessment and Accurate Assessment of Online Health Information: Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study.

Background: The increasing amount of health information available on the internet makes it more important than ever to ensure that people can judge the accuracy of this information to prevent them from harm. It may be possible for platforms to set up protective mechanisms depending on the level of digital health literacy and thereby to decrease the possibility of harm by the misuse of health information.

Objective: This study aimed to create an instrument for digital health literacy assessment (DHLA) based on the eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS) to categorize participants by level of risk of misinterpreting health information into high-, medium-, and low-risk groups.

The Quality Versus Quantity Trade-Off: Why and When Choices for Self Versus Others Differ.

The trade-off between quality and quantity pervades many domains of life, including that of making product choices for ourselves and others, whether as gifts or as everyday favors. In five studies (four pre-registered), participants preferred quality over quantity when choosing for a friend versus for themselves. We demonstrate that one reason why this difference in choice for self and other arises is because of heightened self-presentation concerns: People choosing for friends (vs.

Reminder avoidance: Why people hesitate to disclose their insecurities to friends.

People seek and receive support from friends through self-disclosure. However, when self-disclosures reveal personal insecurities, do people rely on friends as an audience as they normally do? This research demonstrates that they do not. Five preregistered studies show that disclosers exhibit a weaker preference for friends as an audience when disclosures involve revealing personal insecurities than when they involve revealing other neutral or negative personal information.

The Gift of Psychological Closeness: How Feasible Versus Desirable Gifts Reduce Psychological Distance to the Giver.

Gift-giving is a common form of social exchange but little research has examined how different gift types affect the psychological distance between giver and recipient. We examined how two types of gifts influence recipients' perceived psychological distance to the giver. Specifically, we compared desirable gifts focused on the quality of the gift with feasible gifts focused on the gift's practicality or ease of use.

Behavioral economics and diabetic eye exams.

Diabetic retinopathy is a common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and is the leading cause of new blindness among working-age adults in the United States. Timely intervention to prevent vision loss is possible with early detection by regular eye examinations. Unfortunately, adherence to recommended annual diabetic eye exams is poor.

Sharing Extraordinary Experiences Fosters Feelings of Closeness.

Every social relationship begins somewhere. Yet, little is known about which initial encounters bring people closer. This article investigates whether feelings of closeness are shaped by the type of experience shared between two individuals.

Half-size me? How calorie and price information influence ordering on restaurant menus with both half and full entrée portion sizes.

Many restaurants are increasingly required to display calorie information on their menus. We present a study examining how consumers' food choices are affected by the presence of calorie information on restaurant menus. However, unlike prior research on this topic, we focus on the effect of calorie information on food choices made from a menu that contains both full size portions and half size portions of entrées.

Combining food type(s) and food quantity choice in a new food choice paradigm based on vice-virtue bundles.

Given the prevalence and rising rates of obesity in many countries, including the United States, much food decision-making research ultimately aims at understanding how consumers can make healthier choices. The two predominant choice paradigms used in food decision-making research ask consumers to choose (a) between a "vice" (or unhealthy food) and a "virtue" (or healthy food) or (b) among varying portion sizes of "vice." We propose a new food choice paradigm that encourages consumers to jointly consider both food type(s) choice and food portion size at each decision point.

Potential problems with increasing serving sizes on the Nutrition Facts label.

The United States Food and Drug Administration recently announced that the serving sizes on the Nutrition Facts labels for many products will be increased, but the effect of these increases remains unclear. The present research examined consumers' interpretation of the meaning of serving size information (study 1) and tested whether exposing consumers to the increased serving sizes of the proposed Nutrition Facts label leads consumers to serve and purchase more food for themselves and others (studies 2-4). Study 1 (N = 101; 44.

'How many calories are in my burrito?' Improving consumers' understanding of energy (calorie) range information.

Objective: Energy (calorie) ranges currently appear on menu boards for customized menu items and will likely appear throughout the USA when menu-labelling legislation is implemented. Consumer welfare advocates have questioned whether energy ranges enable accurate energy estimates. In four studies, we examined: (i) whether energy range information improves energy estimation accuracy; (ii) whether misestimates persist because consumers misinterpret the meaning of the energy range end points; and (iii) whether energy estimates can be made more accurate by providing explicit information about the contents of items at the end points.

Patient and family attitudes about an eye donation registry for research.

Purpose: There is a shortage of human eye tissue available for scientists, and it is unknown how willing ophthalmic patients are to donate their eyes for research. Therefore, we assessed eye patient and family member attitudes regarding the establishment of an eye donation registry for research purposes.

Materials And Methods: Surveys were distributed to consecutive patients attending the clinics of an academic ophthalmology practice over a period of 8 days.

A test of different menu labeling presentations.

Chain restaurants will soon need to disclose calorie information on menus, but research on the impact of calorie labels on food choices is mixed. This study tested whether calorie information presented in different formats influenced calories ordered and perceived restaurant healthfulness. Participants in an online survey were randomly assigned to a menu with either (1) no calorie labels (No Calories); (2) calorie labels (Calories); (3) calorie labels ordered from low to high calories (Rank-Ordered Calories); or (4) calorie labels ordered from low to high calories that also had red/green circles indicating higher and lower calorie choices (Colored Calories).

The use of sports references in marketing of food and beverage products in supermarkets.

Objective: Food marketing has been identified as a significant driver of the childhood obesity epidemic. The purpose of the present study was to (i) conduct a content analysis of the types of sports references that appear on supermarket food and beverage products and (ii) assess each product's nutritional and marketing profile.

Design: This was a descriptive study.

The science on front-of-package food labels.

Objective: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration and Institute of Medicine are currently investigating front-of-package (FOP) food labelling systems to provide science-based guidance to the food industry.