Activin A-Targeted Therapy in Cancer: An Updated Review on Challenges and Opportunities in Clinical Translation.

Activin A (ActA) is a cytokine from the TGF-β superfamily that mediates a vast number of physiological mechanisms, mainly through the SMAD signaling pathway. Growing evidence indicates that ActA overexpression is also correlated with poor prognosis in cancer patients and several tumor characteristics, including cancer proliferation, metastasis, immunosuppression, drug resistance, cachexia, and cancer-associated fibroblast activation. As such, ActA-targeted therapy has been viewed as a potential adjuvant therapy alongside other anti-cancer modalities that may result in more efficient anti-cancer effects, such as stronger immune responses, overcoming drug resistance, reversing cachexia, etc.

Immunologic Mechanisms of BCc1 Nanomedicine Synthesized by Nanochelating Technology in Breast Tumor-bearing Mice: Immunomodulation and Tumor Suppression.

Introduction: The side effects of anti-cancer chemotherapy remain a concern for patients. So, designing alternative medications seems inevitable. In this research, the immunological mechanisms of BCc1 nanomedicine on tumor-bearing mice were investigated.

Inactivated herpes simplex virus-1 vaccine formulated in aqueous and alcoholic extracts of propolis boosts cellular and IgG responses.

Objectives: In this study, the adjuvant activity of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of propolis was examined on the inactivated herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1.

Materials And Methods: BALB/C mice were administered with inactivated (HSV-1; the KOS strain) plus alcoholic and aqueous extracts, followed by assessment of the cellular and humoral immune responses.

Results: Alcoholic and aqueous extracts, as an adjuvant, revealed a significant increase in lymphocyte proliferation and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses versus the HSV-1 group.

Targeted drug delivery using nanobodies to deliver effective molecules to breast cancer cells: the most attractive application of nanobodies.

Targeted drug delivery is one of the attractive ways in which cancer treatment can significantly reduce side effects. In the last two decades, the use of antibodies as a tool for accurate detection of cancer has been noted. On the other hand, the binding of drugs and carriers containing drugs to the specific antibodies of cancer cells can specifically target only these cells.

Beneficial effects of the combination of BCc1 and Hep-S nanochelating-based medicines on IL-6 in hospitalized moderate COVID-19 adult patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Background: In the severe forms of COVID-19 and many other infectious diseases, the patients develop a cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) where pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α play a key role in the development of this serious process. Selenium and iron are two important trace minerals, and their metabolism is tightly connected to immune system function. Numerous studies highlight the role of selenium and iron metabolism changes in the procedure of COVID-19 inflammation.

Nanoadjuvants Produced by Advanced Nanochelating Technology in the Inactivated-Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 Vaccine Formulation: Preliminary Results on Cytokines and IgG Responses.

Despite the great success of vaccines in various infectious diseases, most current vaccines are not effective enough, and on the contrary, clinically approved alum adjuvants cannot induce sufficient immune responses, including a potent cellular immune response to confer protection. In this study, we used Nanochelating Technology to develop novel nanoadjuvants to boost the potency of the alum-adjuvanted inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine. BALB/c mice were immunized twice over 2 weeks with different doses of adjuvanted-vaccine formulations and immune responses were assessed.

Different Formulations of Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Candidates in Human Compatible Adjuvants: Potency Studies in Mice Showed Different Platforms of Immune Responses.

Several inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been approved for human use, but are not highly potent. In this study, different formulations of the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus were developed in Alum, Montanide 51VG, and Montanide ISA720VG adjuvants, followed by assessment of immune responses. The SARS-CoV-2 virus was inactivated with formalin and formulated in the adjuvants.

Improvement of the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine potency through formulation in alum/naloxone adjuvant; Robust T cell and anti-RBD IgG responses.

Objectives: SARS-CoV-2, emerging as a major threat to public health, has to be controlled through vaccination. Naloxone (NLX), an opioid receptor antagonist, demonstrated its adjuvant activity for microbial vaccines. In this study, inactivated SARS-CoV-2 was developed in the Alum/NLX adjuvant to increase the potency of the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.

Immunomodulatory Effects of -Tocopherol on the H1N1 Influenza Vaccine: Improving the Potency and Efficacy of the Influenza Vaccine in Aged Mice.

Declined immune response is the main cause of decreased potency of the influenza vaccine in the elderly, regardless of virus mutations. Herein, we hypothesized that the addition of -tocopherol to the influenza vaccine formulation might increase vaccine potency and efficacy. Hemagglutinin of the H1N1 virus was formulated in Alum and -tocopherol, and then aged (16-20-month-old) and young (6-8-week-old) mice were immunized subcutaneously two times with 2-week intervals with 5 g of different vaccine formulations.

Pharmaceutical, cosmeceutical, and traditional applications of marine carbohydrates.

Marine carbohydrates are most important organic molecules made by photosynthetic organisms. It is very essential for humankind: the role in being an energy source for the organism and they are considered as an important dissolve organic compound (DOC) in marine environment's sediments. Carbohydrates found in different marine environments in different concentrations.