A phased approach to implementing the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) in low-income and middle-income countries.

Background: Successful breast cancer detection programs rely on standardized reporting and interpreting systems, such as the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS), to improve system performance. In low-income and middle-income countries, evolving diagnostic programs have insufficient resources to either fully implement BI-RADS or to periodically evaluate the program's performance, which is a necessary component of BI-RADS. This leads to inconsistent breast ultrasound interpretation and a failure to improve performance.

Altered aortic shape in bicuspid aortic valve relatives influences blood flow patterns.

Aims: Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is known to exhibit familial inheritance and is associated with aortopathy and altered aortic haemodynamics. However, it remains unclear whether BAV-related aortopathy can be inherited independently of valve morphology.

Methods And Results: Four-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging for the in vivo assessment of thoracic aortic 3D blood flow was performed in 24 BAV relatives with trileaflet aortic valves (age = 40 ± 14 years) and 15 healthy controls (age = 37 ± 10 years).

Improved Semiautomated 4D Flow MRI Analysis in the Aorta in Patients With Congenital Aortic Valve Anomalies Versus Tricuspid Aortic Valves.

Objective: The aim of this study was to systematically investigate a newly developed semiautomated workflow for the analysis of aortic 4-dimensional flow MRI and its ability to detect hemodynamic differences in patients with congenitally altered aortic valve (bicuspid or quadricuspid valves) compared with tricuspid aortic valves.

Methods: Four-dimensional flow MRI data were acquired in 20 patients with aortic dilatation (9 tricuspid aortic valves, 11 congenitally altered aortic valves). A semiautomated workflow was evaluated regarding interobserver variability, accuracy of net flow, regurgitant fraction and peak systolic velocity, and the ability to detect differences between cohorts.

Four-dimensional flow assessment of pulmonary artery flow and wall shear stress in adult pulmonary arterial hypertension: results from two institutions.

Purpose: To compare pulmonary artery flow using Cartesian and radially sampled four-dimensional flow-sensitive (4D flow) MRI at two institutions.

Methods: Nineteen healthy subjects and 17 pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) subjects underwent a Cartesian 4D flow acquisition (institution 1) or a three-dimensional radial acquisition (institution 2). The diameter, peak systolic velocity (Vmax), peak flow (Qmax), stroke volume (SV), and wall shear stress (WSS) were computed in two-dimensional analysis planes at the main, right, and left pulmonary artery.

Evaluation of aortic stenosis severity using 4D flow jet shear layer detection for the measurement of valve effective orifice area.

Aims: The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of 4D flow MRI to assess valve effective orifice area (EOA) in patients with aortic stenosis as determined by the jet shear layer detection (JSLD) method.

Methods And Results: An in-vitro stenosis phantom was used for validation and in-vivo imaging was performed in 10 healthy controls and 40 patients with aortic stenosis. EOA was calculated by the JSLD method using standard 2D phase contrast MRI (PC-MRI) and 4D flow MRI measurements (EOAJSLD-2D and EOAJSLD-4D, respectively).

Optimization of reduced-dose MDCT of thoracic aorta using iterative reconstruction.

Objective: To evaluate the contribution of iterative reconstruction on image quality of reduced-dose multidetector computed tomography of the thoracic aorta.

Methods: A torso phantom was scanned using two tube potentials (80 and 120 kVp) and five different tube currents (110, 75, 40, 20, and 10 mAs). All images were reconstructed with both filtered back projection (FBP) and iterative reconstruction.

Impact of beta-blockade premedication on image quality of ECG-gated thoracic aorta CT angiography.

Background: Thoracic aortic aneurysm is one of the most common aorta pathologies worldwide, which is commonly evaluated by computed tomography angiography (CTA). One of the routine methods to improve the image quality of CTA is heart rate reduction prior to study by beta-blockade administration.

Purpose: To assess the effect of beta-blockade on image quality of the ascending aorta in electrocardiography (ECG)-gated dual-source CTA (DSCTA) images.

Bicuspid aortic cusp fusion morphology alters aortic three-dimensional outflow patterns, wall shear stress, and expression of aortopathy.

Background: Aortic 3-dimensional blood flow was analyzed to investigate altered ascending aorta (AAo) hemodynamics in bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) patients and its association with differences in cusp fusion patterns (right-left, RL versus right-noncoronary, RN) and expression of aortopathy.

Methods And Results: Four-dimensional flow MRI measured in vivo 3-dimensional blood flow in the aorta of 75 subjects: BAV patients with aortic dilatation stratified by leaflet fusion pattern (n=15 RL-BAV, mid AAo diameter=39.9±4.

From unicuspid to quadricuspid: influence of aortic valve morphology on aortic three-dimensional hemodynamics.

Purpose: To assess the impact of aortic valve morphology on aortic hemodynamics between normal tricuspid and congenitally anomalous aortic valves ranging from unicuspid to quadricuspid morphology.

Materials And Methods: Aortic three-dimensional (3D) blood flow was evaluated by 4D flow MRI in 14 healthy volunteers with normal trileaflet valves and 14 patients with unicuspid (n = 3), bicuspid (n = 9, 3 "true" bicuspid, 3 right-left (RL), 3 right-noncoronary (RN) leaflet fusion, and quadricuspid aortic valves (n = 2). Data analysis included the co-registered visualization of aortic valve morphology with systolic 3D blood flow.

k-t GRAPPA accelerated four-dimensional flow MRI in the aorta: effect on scan time, image quality, and quantification of flow and wall shear stress.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of k-t parallel imaging for accelerating aortic four-dimensional (4D)-flow MRI. The aim was to systematically investigate the impact of different acceleration factors and number of coil elements on acquisition time, image quality and quantification of hemodynamic parameters.

Methods: k-t accelerated 4D-flow MRI (spatial/temporal resolution = 2.

Analysis of the thoracic aorta using a semi-automated post processing tool.

Objective: To evaluates a semi-automated method for Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm (TAA) measurement using ECG-gated Dual Source CT Angiogram (DSCTA).

Methods: This retrospective HIPAA compliant study was approved by our IRB. Transaxial maximum diameters of outer wall to outer wall were studied in fifty patients at seven anatomic locations of the thoracic aorta: annulus, sinus, sinotubular junction (STJ), mid ascending aorta (MAA) at the level of right pulmonary artery, proximal aortic arch (PROX) immediately proximal to innominate artery, distal aortic arch (DIST) immediately distal to left subclavian artery, and descending aorta (DESC) at the level of diaphragm.

Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy; a report of five Iranian infants and review of the literature.

Background: Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy (AHEI) is a benign self limiting leukocytoclastic vasculitis in young children. Serious complications, e.g.

Leydig cell tumor in two brothers with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 11-β hydroxylase deficiency: a case report.

Congenital adrenal 11-β hydroxylase deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by deficient cortisol synthesis and testicular masses. It is extremely difficult to distinguish testicular tumors caused by this syndrome from Leydig cell tumors. As management for each differs, it is important to differentiate the syndromes from each other.