Blood-brain barrier dysfunction and decreased transcription of tight junction proteins in epileptic dogs.

Background: Epilepsy in dogs and humans is associated with blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction (BBBD), which may involve dysfunction of tight junction (TJ) proteins, matrix metalloproteases, and astrocytes. Imaging techniques to assess BBB integrity, to identify potential treatment strategies, have not yet been evaluated in veterinary medicine.

Hypothesis: Some dogs with idiopathic epilepsy (IE) will exhibit BBBD.

Population-Level Health Effects of Involuntary Displacement of People Experiencing Unsheltered Homelessness Who Inject Drugs in US Cities.

Importance: At least 500 000 people in the US experience homelessness nightly. More than 30% of people experiencing homelessness also have a substance use disorder. Involuntary displacement is a common practice in responding to unsheltered people experiencing homelessness.

Quantitative analysis of magnetic resonance images for characterization of blood-brain barrier dysfunction in dogs with brain tumors.

Background: Blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability can be assessed quantitatively using advanced imaging analysis.

Hypothesis/objectives: Quantification and characterization of blood-brain barrier dysfunction (BBBD) patterns in dogs with brain tumors can provide useful information about tumor biology and assist in distinguishing between gliomas and meningiomas.

Animals: Seventy-eight hospitalized dogs with brain tumors and 12 control dogs without brain tumors.

Detection of blood-brain barrier dysfunction using advanced imaging methods to predict seizures in dogs with meningoencephalitis of unknown origin.

Background: The blood-brain barrier (BBB), which separates the intravascular and neuropil compartments, characterizes the vascular bed of the brain and is essential for its proper function. Recent advances in imaging techniques have driven the development of methods for quantitative assessment of BBB permeability.

Hypothesis/objectives: Permeability of the BBB can be assessed quantitatively in dogs with meningoencephalitis of unknown origin (MUO) and its status is associated with the occurrence of seizures.

Balloon expandable aortic stent-graft for the treatment of aortic aneurysm and rupture in a dog.

Objective: To describe the successful placement of an aortic stent graft in a dog suffering from aortic aneurysm and rupture.

Case Summary: A 4-year-old neutered female mixed breed dog weighing 25 kg was presented with a chief complaint of acute onset of weakness and respiratory distress. On presentation, the dog was lateral and unresponsive, hypothermic, tachycardic, and tachypneic.

Comparison of three regional anaesthetic techniques for infraorbital or maxillary nerve block in cats: a cadaveric study.

Objectives: The maxillary nerve courses very close to the globe, rendering cats - with their large eyes - at risk of globe penetration during infraorbital or maxillary nerve blocks. Therefore, the goals of the study were to compare the distribution and potential complications of three infraorbital or maxillary regional injection techniques.

Methods: Twenty-three bilateral maxillae of cat cadavers were used in a randomised blinded trial.

CT findings and the prognostic value of the Koret CT score in cats with traumatic brain injury.

Objectives: The aims of this study were to evaluate associations between abnormal head CT findings and outcome, and to examine the prognostic value of the Koret CT score (KCTS) in cats sustaining acute traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods: The medical records of cats hospitalised with TBI that underwent head CT scans within 72 h of admission were retrospectively reviewed. CT scans were evaluated independently by a radiologist and a neurologist who were blinded to the outcome.

The prognostic value of the Koret CT score in dogs following traumatic brain injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common condition in veterinary medicine with relatively high mortality rate. Recently, a study that correlated abnormal computed tomography (CT) findings with outcome in dogs with head trauma established a prognostic scoring system termed Koret CT score (KCTS). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the KCTS in making short- and long-term prognosis in dogs presented within 72 h of TBI.

Ultrasonography is insensitive but specific for detecting aortic wall abnormalities in dogs infected with .

Background: Spirocercosis is caused by the nematode (). The disease mainly affects dogs and is typically diagnosed by oesophagoscopy or faecal examination; however, these diagnostic tests may deliver false negative results during the migration phase of the nematode. The aim of the present prospective study was to evaluate whether ultrasonography could detect abnormalities in the abdominal aorta, celiac artery, and gastric wall structure as a diagnostic aid to detect infection in dogs.

Blood-brain barrier dysfunction in canine epileptic seizures detected by dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.

Objective: Dogs with spontaneous or acquired epilepsy exhibit resemblance in etiology and disease course to humans, potentially offering a translational model of the human disease. Blood-brain barrier dysfunction (BBBD) has been shown to partake in epileptogenesis in experimental models of epilepsy. To test the hypothesis that BBBD can be detected in dogs with naturally occurring seizures, we developed a linear dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) analysis algorithm that was validated in clinical cases of seizing dogs and experimental epileptic rats.

Computed tomographic findings in dogs with head trauma and development of a novel prognostic computed tomography-based scoring system.

OBJECTIVE To characterize CT findings and outcomes in dogs with head trauma and design a prognostic scale. ANIMALS 27 dogs admitted to the Koret School Veterinary Teaching Hospital within 72 hours after traumatic head injury that underwent CT imaging of the head. PROCEDURES Data were extracted from medical records regarding dog signalment, history, physical and neurologic examination findings, and modified Glasgow coma scale scores.

Black + white = black: hypodescent in reflexive categorization of racially ambiguous faces.

Historically, the principle of hypodescent specified that individuals with one Black and one White parent should be considered Black. Two experiments examined whether categorizations of racially ambiguous targets reflect this principle. Participants studied ambiguous target faces accompanied by profiles that either did or did not identify the targets as having multiracial backgrounds (biological, cultural, or both biological and cultural).

Advantages of the prone Lachman versus the traditional Lachman.

Clinical examination of the knee to determine the presence of ACL injury presents a challenge to many clinicians. The prone Lachman test offers many advantages in enhancing patient relaxation, improving psychomotor proficiency, and improving the clinician's interpretation of the results.

Foodborne botulism in a six-month-old infant caused by home-canned baby food.

Previously reported cases of botulism in infants have been diagnosed as infant botulism; that is, botulism caused by intestinal colonization by Clostridium botulinum with intraluminal production and absorption of toxin. Foodborne botulism is caused by ingestion of preformed toxin. We describe an unusual case of foodborne botulism in a 6-month-old infant caused by the ingestion of improperly prepared home-canned baby food.

Oral vancomycin-induced rash: case report and review of the literature.

Disseminated rash and pruritus are described in an 82-year-old woman with chronic renal failure following administration of oral vancomycin hydrochloride 125 mg q6h for the treatment of Clostridium difficile colitis. Renal function was estimated to be 0.27 mL/s based on a serum creatinine of 177 mumol/L.

Plasma glucocorticoid and circulating blood leukocyte responses in cattle after sequential intramuscular injections of ACTH.

Nine Holstein-Friesian cows in the same stage of lactation were randomly given IM injections of saline solution, 100 IU of ACTH, or 200 IU of ACTH for a period of 3 days at 0800 and 1600 hours on one day and at 0100 hours the next day. A dose of 100 IU of ACTH represented the amount of ACTH released during physiologic stress and 200 IU of ACTH represented a therapeutic dose. Blood samples were obtained from indwelling jugular catheters for total circulating leukocyte and total plasma corticosteroid determinations at -1, 0, 0.