Analysis of the VP6 gene of human and porcine group A rotavirus strains with unusual subgroup specificities.

Full-length VP6 amino acid sequences of human and porcine rotaviruses with subgroup (SG) (I + II) and SG non-(I + II) were analyzed in comparison with those of SG I and SG II. In human rotaviruses, the strains in the same SG shared a very high degree of amino acid identity, ranging from 97.4% to 99.

Molecular characterization of VP4, VP6, VP7, NSP4, and NSP5/6 genes identifies an unusual G3P[10] human rotavirus strain.

An unusual strain of human rotavirus G3P[10] (CMH079/05) was detected in a stool sample of a 2-year-old child admitted to the hospital with severe diarrhea in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Analysis of the VP7 gene sequence revealed highest identities with unusual human rotavirus G3 strain CMH222 at 98.7% on the nucleotide and 99.

Genetic diversity of norovirus, sapovirus, and astrovirus isolated from children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand.

Norovirus (NV), sapovirus (SV), and human astrovirus (HAstV) are important causes of acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children. This study investigated the prevalence of NV, SV, and HAstV infections in children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand from May 2000 to March 2002. Fecal specimens were tested for NV, SV, and HAstV by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using degenerate specific primers.

Genetic characterization of group C rotavirus isolated from a child hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand.

During an epidemiological survey of human rotavirus infection in Chiang Mai, Thailand, from 2002 to 2004, in which 263 stool specimens tested, one isolate of group C rotavirus was detected from a two-year-old child admitted to hospital with acute gastroenteritis. The human group C rotavirus, named CMH004/03, was characterized further by molecular analyses of its VP4, VP6, and VP7 gene segments as well as determination of RNA pattern by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Molecular characterization of VP4, VP6, and VP7 genes by sequence analyses showed high levels of sequence identities with those of human group C rotavirus reference strains isolated worldwide at 95.

Multiple combinations of P[13]-like genotype with G3, G4, and G5 in porcine rotaviruses.

Epidemiological surveillance of porcine rotavirus (PoRV) strains was carried out in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, from 2002 to 2003, and eight rotavirus isolates could not be completely typed by PCR. Of these, six were G3 and one was G4 and displayed a P-nontypeable genotype, while another isolate was both G and P nontypeable. Analysis of a partial VP4 gene of all eight P-nontypeable strains revealed a high degree of amino acid sequence identities (94.

Genetic diversity of noroviruses and sapoviruses in children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand.

Human caliciviruses, including norovirus (NoV) and sapovirus (SaV), are recognized as common pathogens that cause acute viral gastroenteritis in children and adults throughout the world. To gain an overview of molecular epidemiology of human caliciviruses in children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand, from 2002 to 2004, NoV and SaV were detected and characterized molecularly for identification of their genotypes. From a total of 248 fecal specimens collected, 35 (14.

Changing pattern of rotavirus G genotype distribution in Chiang Mai, Thailand from 2002 to 2004: decline of G9 and reemergence of G1 and G2.

Group A rotaviruses are the most common cause of acute viral diarrhea in humans and animals throughout the world. Previous surveillance studies of group A rotaviruses in Thailand indicated that the dominant types of rotaviruses were changing from time to time. During 2000 and 2001, the G9 rotavirus emerged as the most prevalent genotype, with an exceptionally high frequency (91.

Molecular characterization of rare G3P[9] rotavirus strains isolated from children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis.

In 2004, an epidemiological survey of human rotavirus infection in Chiang Mai, Thailand detected two uncommon human rotavirus strains (CMH120/04 and CMH134/04) bearing AU-1-like G3P[9] genotypes in 1 year old children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis. The CMH120/04 and CMH134/04 rotavirus strains were characterized by molecular analyses of their VP6, VP7, VP8*, and NSP4 gene segments as well as the determination of RNA patterns by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Analysis of the VP8* gene revealed a high level of amino acid sequence identities with those of P[9] rotavirus reference strains, ranging from 94.

WITHDRAWN: Molecular Characterization of VP4 and VP7 Genes of Nontypeable Strains Identifies a Novel P[28] Genotype in Porcine Rotaviruses.

This article has been retracted.

Novel porcine rotavirus of genotype P[27] shares new phylogenetic lineage with G2 porcine rotavirus strain.

A novel and unusual strain of porcine rotavirus (PoRV) CMP034 was isolated from a 7-week-old piglet during the epidemiological survey of porcine rotavirus infection in Chiang Mai province, Thailand from June 2000 to July 2001. Molecular characterization of gene VP4 by sequence analysis showed a low level of amino acid sequence identity, ranging from 56.7% to 76.

Detection of rare G3P[19] porcine rotavirus strains in Chiang Mai, Thailand, provides evidence for origin of the VP4 genes of Mc323 and Mc345 human rotaviruses.

Among 175 fecal specimens collected from diarrheic piglets during a surveillance of porcine rotavirus (PoRV) strains in Chiang Mai, Thailand, 39 (22.3%) were positive for group A rotaviruses. Of these, 33.

Molecular characterization of a rare G3P[3] human rotavirus reassortant strain reveals evidence for multiple human-animal interspecies transmissions.

An unusual strain of human rotavirus G3P[3] (CMH222), bearing simian-like VP7 and caprine-like VP4 genes, was isolated from a 2-year-old child patient during the epidemiological survey of rotavirus in Chiang Mai, Thailand in 2000-2001. The rotavirus strain was characterized by molecular analysis of its VP4, VP6, VP7, and NSP4 gene segments. The VP4 sequence of CMH222 shared the greatest homology with those of caprine P[3] (GRV strain) at 90.

Emergence of human G9 rotavirus with an exceptionally high frequency in children admitted to hospital with diarrhea in Chiang Mai, Thailand.

Among 315 fecal specimens collected from children hospitalized with diarrhea in Chiang Mai, Thailand, in 2000-2001, group A rotavirus was detected in 107 (34.0%). Of these, 98 (91.

Genetic diversity of norovirus and sapovirus in hospitalized infants with sporadic cases of acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand.

Stool specimens from hospitalized infants with sporadic gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand, between July 2000 and July 2001 were examined for norovirus and sapovirus by reverse transcription-PCR and sequence analysis. These viruses were identified in 13 of 105 (12%) specimens. One strain was found to be a recombinant norovirus.

Differential seroprevalences of hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus among intravenous drug users, commercial sex workers and patients with sexually transmitted diseases in Chiang Mai, Thailand.

To elucidate the differences in the mode of transmission of three blood-borne viruses, hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), under comparable conditions of study, we analyzed the prevalences of anti-HCV antibodies (anti-HCV), anti-HBV core antibodies (anti-HBc), HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HIV antibodies (anti-HIV) in different risk populations in Chiang Mai, Thailand, where the prevalence of HIV infection is high. The subjects consisted of 98 intravenous drug users (IVDU), 100 commercial sex workers (CSW) and 50 male patients with sexually transmitted diseases (STD). In IVDU the prevalence of anti-HCV was the highest (85%), followed by anti-HBc (77%) and anti-HIV (46%), whereas in CSW and STD the prevalence of anti-HCV was 2 and 0%, respectively, that of anti-HBc 69 and 64%, respectively, and that of anti-HIV 11 and 14%, respectively.

Characterization of human rotavirus serotype G9 isolated in Japan and Thailand from 1995 to 1997.

Serotyping of human rotavirus was conducted in 396 Japanese and 100 Thai rotavirus-positive fecal specimens collected from 1995 to 1997. Serotype G9 was found to be the third most common serotype with frequency of 16.2% in Thailand from 1996 to 1997.

Chlamydial urethral infection in male students in Chiang Mai: a screening test of urine deposits by enzyme immunoassay (EIA).

Adolescent males are considered to be an important genital chlamydial reservoir. However, there has been little information on urethral chlamydial infection in Thai adolescent males. About one fourth of males who are genital chlamydial reservoirs are asymptomatic.

Risk analysis of the exposure to GB virus C/hepatitis G virus among populations of intravenous drug users, commercial sex workers and male outpatients at STD clinic in Chiang Mai, Thailand: a cross-sectional case-control study.

An exposure to GB virus C/hepatitis G virus (GBV-C/HGV) was studied among populations at risk for blood and sexual exposure to analyze risk factor of the transmission of the virus. Blood samples were drawn from 98 intravenous drug users (IVDU), 100 female high-class commercial sex workers (CSW) and 50 male outpatients (MOP) at a sexually transmitted diseases (STD) clinic in Chiang Mai, Thailand. These blood samples were analyzed for GBV-C/HGV RNA; antibodies against second envelope protein of GBV-C/HGV (anti-E2); anti-hepatitis C virus antibody (HCV-Ab); hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb); and antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-Ab).

Flavivirus infections in Chiang Mai area, Thailand, in 1982.

Infection by JE virus still constitutes major cause of encephalitis in Chiang Mai Area, although some cases of possible dengue encephalopathy were observed. In spite of many apparent encephalitis cases, infection of vector mosquitoes by JE virus was not demonstrated. Virus isolation from hospitalized patients showed that the principal type of dengue virus circulating in Chiang Mai in 1982 was type 1 virus.