Chronic cigarette smoke exposure masks pathological features of Helicobacter pylori infection while promoting tumor initiation.

Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Chronic infection by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori is the most prominent gastric cancer risk factor, but only 1-3% of infected individuals will develop gastric cancer. Cigarette smoking is another independent gastric cancer risk factor, and H.

Gene expression analysis of ovarian follicles and stromal cells in girls with Turner syndrome.

In patients with mosaic Turner syndrome, the ovarian somatic cells (granulosa and stromal cells) display a high level of aneuploidy with a 45,X karyotype, which may affect gene expression in the ovary and contribute to their reduced fertility. The aim of the current research is to study the effect of aneuploidy of somatic ovarian cells on gene expression in ovarian cortex stromal cells and small ovarian follicles from mosaic (45,X/46,XX) Turner syndrome patients. To this end, ovarian cortical tissue was obtained by laparoscopic surgery from eight mosaic Turner syndrome patients (aged 5-19 years) and eight controls (aged 6-18 years).

Multiancestry transferability of a polygenic risk score for diverticulitis.

Objective: Polygenic risk scores (PRS) for diverticular disease must be evaluated in diverse cohorts. We sought to explore shared genetic predisposition across the phenome and to assess risk stratification in individuals genetically similar to European, African and Admixed-American reference samples.

Methods: A 44-variant PRS was applied to the Research Program.

Chronic cigarette smoke exposure masks pathological features of infection while promoting tumor initiation.

Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Chronic infection by the bacterium is the most prominent gastric cancer risk factor, but only 1-3% of infected individuals will develop gastric cancer. Cigarette smoking is another independent gastric cancer risk factor, and infected smokers are at a 2-11-fold increased risk of gastric cancer development, but the direct impacts of cigarette smoke on pathogenesis remain unknown.

The role of fibrosis in endometriosis: a systematic review.

Background: Fibrosis is an important pathological feature of endometriotic lesions of all subtypes. Fibrosis is present in and around endometriotic lesions, and a central role in its development is played by myofibroblasts, which are cells derived mainly after epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transdifferentiation (FMT). Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) has a key role in this myofibroblastic differentiation.

Endometriotic tissue fragments are viable after cryopreservation in an ex vivo tissue model recapitulating the fibrotic microenvironment.

Study Question: Is it possible to establish an ex vivo endometriosis model using cryopreserved endometriotic tissue fragments?

Summary Answer: Cryopreserved endometriotic tissue fragments remain viable after thawing and during at least 3 days of culture and can therefore be used to establish an ex vivo endometriosis model to efficiently test potential therapeutic agents.

What Is Known Already: Endometriosis is the most prevalent benign gynecologic disease with an enormous societal burden; however, curative therapies are still lacking. To efficiently test potential new therapies, an ex vivo model based on previously cryopreserved endometriotic tissue that recapitulates the different endometriosis subtypes and their microenvironment is highly desirable.

IL-17RA-Mediated Epithelial Cell Activity Prevents Severe Inflammatory Response to Helicobacter pylori Infection.

Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative pathogen that colonizes the stomach, induces inflammation, and drives pathological changes in the stomach tissue, including gastric cancer. As the principal cytokine produced by Th17 cells, IL-17 mediates protective immunity against pathogens by inducing the activation and mobilization of neutrophils. Whereas IL-17A is largely produced by lymphocytes, the IL-17 receptor is expressed in epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and hematopoietic cells.

Navigating fertility dilemmas across the lifespan in girls with Turner syndrome-a scoping review.

Background: Girls with Turner syndrome (TS) lack a partial or complete sex chromosome, which causes an accelerated decline of their ovarian reserve. Girls have to deal with several dilemmas related to their fertility, while only a limited number of them are referred to a fertility specialist and counselled about options of family planning on time.

Objective And Rationale: This scoping review provides an update of the literature on fertility in girls with TS throughout their lifespan and aims to propose a clinical practice guideline on fertility in TS.

A human milk oligosaccharide prevents intestinal inflammation in adulthood via modulating gut microbial metabolism.

Observational evidence suggests that human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) promote the growth of commensal bacteria in early life and adulthood. However, the mechanisms by which HMOs benefit health through modulation of gut microbial homeostasis remain largely unknown. 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) is the most abundant oligosaccharide in human milk and contributes to the essential health benefits associated with human milk consumption.

Chytrid infections exhibit historical spread and contemporary seasonality in a declining stream-breeding frog.

Species with extensive geographical ranges pose special challenges to assessing drivers of wildlife disease, necessitating collaborative and large-scale analyses. The imperilled foothill yellow-legged frog () inhabits a wide geographical range and variable conditions in rivers of California and Oregon (USA), and is considered threatened by the pathogen (Bd). To assess drivers of Bd infections over time and space, we compiled over 2000 datapoints from museum specimens (collected 1897-2005) and field samples (2005-2021) spanning 9° of latitude.

Clinical Pathogenesis, Molecular Mechanisms of Gastric Cancer Development.

The human pathogen Helicobacter pylori is the strongest known risk factor for gastric disease and cancer, and gastric cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related death across the globe. Carcinogenic mechanisms associated with H. pylori are multifactorial and are driven by bacterial virulence constituents, host immune responses, environmental factors such as iron and salt, and the microbiota.

Gastric coinfection with thiopeptide-positive decreases FOXM1 and pro-inflammatory biomarker expression in a murine model of -induced gastric cancer.

infects half of the world population and is the leading cause of gastric cancer. We previously demonstrated that gastric cancer risk is associated with gastric microbiota. Specifically, gastric urease-positive and had contrasting effects on -associated gastric pathology and immune responses in germ-free INS-GAS mice.

Targeting hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha suppresses -induced gastric injury via attenuation of both -mediated microbial virulence and proinflammatory host responses.

-induced inflammation is the strongest known risk factor for gastric adenocarcinoma. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1α) is a key transcriptional regulator of immunity and carcinogenesis. To examine the role of this mediator within the context of -induced injury, we first demonstrated that HIF-1α levels were significantly increased in parallel with the severity of gastric lesions in humans.

Identification of a functional peptide of a probiotic bacterium-derived protein for the sustained effect on preventing colitis.

Several probiotic-derived factors have been identified as effectors of probiotics for exerting beneficial effects on the host. However, there is a paucity of studies to elucidate mechanisms of their functions. p40, a secretory protein, is originally isolated from a probiotic bacterium, GG.

Bile Acid Sequestrant Use and Gastric Cancer: A National Retrospective Cohort Analysis.

Introduction: Bile acids have been implicated in gastric carcinogenesis. We hypothesized that bile acid sequestrant medication (BAM) use is associated with a lower gastric cancer (GC) incidence.

Methods: We assembled a cohort of veterans receiving longitudinal care within the Veterans Health Administration between 2000 and 2020 who completed testing for Helicobacterpylori .

TurnerFertility trial: fertility preservation in young girls with Turner syndrome by freezing ovarian cortex tissue-a prospective intervention study.

Objective: To evaluate which girls with Turner syndrome (TS) could benefit from fertility preservation by ovarian tissue cryopreservation on the basis of karyotype, puberty status, and hormonal data.

Design: Prospective intervention study; participants were included between 2018 and 2020.

Setting: Tertiary hospital in the Netherlands.

Psychophysiological fidelity: A comparative study of stress responses to real and simulated clinical emergencies.

Introduction: Experiencing psychological stress may affect clinician performance in acute emergencies. While simulation is used extensively in healthcare education, it is unknown whether simulation effectively replicates the psychophysiological stress of real-world conditions. Thus, this study explored whether measurable differences exist in psychophysiological responses to acute stress in simulated compared with real-world clinical practice.

Helicobacter pylori Burden in the United States According to Individual Demographics and Geography: A Nationwide Analysis of the Veterans Healthcare System.

Background & Aims: There are no contemporary large-scale studies evaluating the burden of Helicobacter pylori in the United States according to detailed demographics. The primary objective was to evaluate H pylori positivity in a large national healthcare system according to individual demographics and geography.

Methods: We conducted a nationwide retrospective analysis of adults in the Veterans Health Administration who completed H pylori testing between 1999 and 2018.

Exploring X Chromosomal Aberrations in Ovarian Cells by using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization.

Millions of people worldwide deal with issues concerning fertility. Reduced fertility, or even infertility, may be due to many different causes, including genetic disorders, of which chromosomal abnormalities are the most common. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a well-known and frequently used method to detect chromosomal aberrations in humans.

Helicobacter pylori infection.

Helicobacter pylori infection causes chronic gastritis, which can progress to severe gastroduodenal pathologies, including peptic ulcer, gastric cancer and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. H. pylori is usually transmitted in childhood and persists for life if untreated.