Biased Language in Simulated Handoffs and Clinician Recall and Attitudes.

Importance: Poor-quality handoffs can lead to medical errors when transitioning patient care. Biased language within handoffs may contribute to errors and lead to disparities in health care delivery.

Objective: To compare clinical information recall accuracy and attitudes toward patients among trainees in paired cases of biased vs neutral language in simulated handoffs.

Ethnic Differences in Characteristics of Women Diagnosed with Early Gestational Diabetes: Findings from the TOBOGM Study.

Objective: To compare the prevalence and clinical characteristics of early gestational diabetes (eGDM) and associated birth outcomes amongst women of different ethnic groups.

Research Design And Methods: This is a secondary analysis of an international, multicentre randomized controlled trial of treating eGDM among pregnant women with GDM risk factors enrolled <20 weeks' gestation. The diagnosis of GDM was made using WHO-2013 criteria.

Association Between Glycemia, Glycemic Variability, and Pregnancy Complications in Early GDM.

Objective: To investigate the association of timing of commencing glucose management with glycemia, glycemic variability, and pregnancy outcomes among women with early gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Research Design And Methods: In this substudy among participants of a trial of immediate vs delayed treatment of early GDM diagnosed by 2013 World Health Organization criteria, all women treated immediately and those with delayed diagnosis at 24-28 weeks' gestation (treated as if late GDM) were instructed to monitor capillary blood glucose (BG) four times a day (fasting and 2-h postprandial) until delivery. Optimal glycemia was defined as ≥95% of BG measurements between 70 and 140 mg/dL (3.

Postpartum dysglycaemia after early gestational diabetes: Follow-up of women in the TOBOGM randomised controlled trial.

Aim: To evaluate the incidence and predictors of postpartum dysglycaemia among high-risk women who develop early gestational diabetes (eGDM) prior to 20 weeks' gestation.

Methods: This is a sub-study of the Treatment of Booking Gestational Diabetes (TOBOGM) Study, a randomised controlled trial of early or deferred treatment for women with risk factors for gestational diabetes diagnosed with eGDM, using current WHO criteria. Overt diabetes in pregnancy was excluded.

Male Gender Expressivity and Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease Risks in Men.

Importance: Male gender expressivity (MGE), which reflects prevalent sociocultural pressures to convey masculinity, has been associated with health. Yet, little is known about associations of MGE with the diagnosis and treatment of modifiable cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks.

Objective: To investigate associations of MGE with modifiable CVD risk diagnoses and treatment in men.

Theatre of the Oppressed to Teach Medical Students About Power, Lived Experience, and Health Equity.

Background: A difficult challenge in health equity training is conducting honest and safe discussions about differences in lived experience based on social identity, and how racism and other systems of oppression impact health care.

Objective: To evaluate a Theatre of the Oppressed workshop for medical students that examines systems of oppression as related to lived health care experiences.

Design: Mixed-methods cross-sectional survey and interviews.

Significant kidney disease in pregnancy: Feasibility and outcomes of a national population-based study using the Australasian Maternity Outcomes Surveillance System.

Background: Current understanding of clinical practice and care for maternal kidney disease in pregnancy in Australia is hampered by limitations in available renal-specific datasets.

Aims: To capture the epidemiology, management, and outcomes of women with significant kidney disease in pregnancy and demonstrate feasibility of a national cohort study approach.

Materials And Methods: An Australian prospective study (2017-2018) using a new kidney disease-specific survey within the Australasian Maternity Outcomes Surveillance System (AMOSS).

Effectiveness of Multilevel and Multidomain Interventions to Improve Glycemic Control in U.S. Racial and Ethnic Minority Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Racial and ethnic disparities in type 2 diabetes outcomes are a major public health concern. Interventions targeting multiple barriers may help address disparities.

Purpose: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of diabetes self-management education (DSME) interventions in minority populations.

Effect of treatment for early gestational diabetes mellitus on neonatal respiratory distress: A secondary analysis of the TOBOGM study.

Objective: To identify factors associated with neonatal respiratory distress (NRD) in early Gestational diabetes mellitus (eGDM).

Design: Nested case-control analysis of the TOBOGM trial.

Setting: Seventeen hospitals: Australia, Sweden, Austria and India.

Relationship Between Early-Pregnancy Glycemia and Adverse Outcomes: Findings From the TOBOGM Study.

Objective: We evaluated associations between early-pregnancy oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) glucose and complications in the Treatment of Booking Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (TOBOGM) cohort to inform prognostic OGTT thresholds.

Research Design And Methods: Individuals with risk factors for hyperglycemia were recruited for an international, multicenter, randomized controlled gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (World Health Organization 2013 criteria) treatment trial. A 2-h 75-g OGTT was performed at <20 weeks' gestation.

Cost-effectiveness of diagnosis and treatment of early gestational diabetes mellitus: economic evaluation of the TOBOGM study, an international multicenter randomized controlled trial.

Background: A recently undertaken multicenter randomized controlled trial (RCT) " (TOBOGM: 2017-2022) found that the diagnosis and treatment of pregnant women with early gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) improved pregnancy outcomes. Based on data from the trial, this study aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of diagnosis and treatment of early GDM (from <20 weeks') among women with risk factors for hyperglycemia in pregnancy compared with usual care (no treatment until 24-28 weeks') from a healthcare perspective.

Methods: Participants' healthcare resource utilization data were collected from their self-reported questionnaires and hospital records, and valued using the unit costs obtained from standard Australian national sources.

A summary of the 2023 Society of Obstetric Medicine of Australia and New Zealand (SOMANZ) hypertension in pregnancy guideline.

Introduction: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) affect up to 10% of all pregnancies annually and are associated with an increased risk of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. This guideline represents an update of the Society of Obstetric Medicine of Australia and New Zealand (SOMANZ) guidelines for the management of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy 2014 and has been approved by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) under section 14A of the National Health and Medical Research Council Act 1992. In approving the guideline recommendations, NHMRC considers that the guideline meets NHMRC's standard for clinical practice guidelines.

Association of Race and Ethnicity With High Longevity Deceased Donor Kidney Transplantation Under the US Kidney Allocation System.

Rationale & Objective: The US Kidney Allocation System (KAS) prioritizes candidates with a≤20% estimated posttransplant survival (EPTS) to receive high-longevity kidneys defined by a≤20% Kidney Donor Profile Index (KDPI). Use of EPTS in the KAS deprioritizes candidates with older age, diabetes, and longer dialysis durations. We assessed whether this use also disadvantages race and ethnicity minority candidates, who are younger but more likely to have diabetes and longer durations of kidney failure requiring dialysis.

Regression From Early GDM to Normal Glucose Tolerance and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in the Treatment of Booking Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Study.

Objective: To compare pregnancy outcomes among women with a normal oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) before 20 weeks' gestation (early) and at 24-28 weeks' gestation (late) (no gestational diabetes mellitus, or No-GDM), those with early GDM randomized to observation with a subsequent normal OGTT (GDM-Regression), and those with GDM on both occasions (GDM-Maintained).

Research Design And Methods: Women at <20 weeks' gestation with GDM risk factors who were recruited for a randomized controlled early GDM treatment trial were included. Women with treated early GDM and late GDM (according to the World Health Organization's 2013 criteria) were excluded from this analysis.

Associations of U.S. hospital closure (2007-2018) with area socioeconomic disadvantage and racial/ethnic composition.

Purpose: To examine whether hospital closure is associated with high levels of area socioeconomic disadvantage and racial/ethnic minority composition.

Methods: Pooled cross-sectional analysis (2007-2018) of 6467 U.S.

Perinatal Outcomes in Early and Late Gestational Diabetes Mellitus After Treatment From 24-28 Weeks' Gestation: A TOBOGM Secondary Analysis.

Objective: In most gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) studies, cohorts have included women combined into study populations without regard to whether hyperglycemia was present earlier in pregnancy. In this study we sought to compare perinatal outcomes between groups: women with early GDM (EGDM group: diagnosis before 20 weeks' gestation but no treatment until 24-28 weeks' gestation if GDM still present), with late GDM (LGDM group: present only at 24-28 weeks' gestation), and with normoglycemia at 24-28 weeks' gestation (control participants).

Research Design And Methods: This is a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled treatment trial where we studied, among women with risk factors, early (<20 weeks' gestation) GDM defined according to World Health Organization 2013 criteria.

Mother-Daughter Ventricular Endoscopy: A Technical Note and 2-Dimensional Video.

Background And Importance: While navigating the ventricles with a rigid endoscope provides excellent visualization and the ability to use endoscopic instruments for complex surgery, these endoscopes are often too large to navigate tight areas. We present a surgical video showing the technique of mother-daughter endoscopy, which consists of the introduction of a flexible 1-mm fiberoptic endoscope through the channel of a large rigid endoscope to allow visualization across small spaces or channels, in this case, the cerebral aqueduct. This combination of superior visualization and handling of rigid endoscopes and flexibility and small size of fiberoptic endoscopes enhances safety and broadens possibilities in ventricular surgery.

Intensity and Variation of Health Navigator Support: Addressing Medical and Social Needs of Diabetes Patients in East Oakland.

Background: Healthcare systems are increasingly screening and referring patients for unmet social needs (e.g., food insecurity).

Bushfires and Mothers' Mental Health in Pregnancy and Recent Post-Partum.

Background: The compounding effects of climate change catastrophes such as bushfires and pandemics impose significant burden on individuals, societies, and their economies. The enduring effects of such syndemics on mental health remain poorly understood, particularly for at-risk populations (e.g.

Primary Care Patients' Perspectives on Health Care Screening for Firearms in a Diverse, Urban Area: A Qualitative Study.

Importance: Firearm violence is increasingly recognized as a public health issue, but whether physicians should intervene remains politically contested.

Objective: To explore self-described patient perspectives about the appropriateness and acceptability of health care screening for firearms.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This qualitative study recruited 50 adult patients from a primary care clinic in Chicago, Illinois, from June 7, 2019, to January 11, 2021, to participate in 1 of 12 one-time qualitative focus groups.

The relationship between body mass index and sleep in women with risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus.

Background: Both obesity and sleep disorders are common among women during pregnancy. Although prior research has identified a relationship between obesity and sleep disorders, those findings are from women later in pregnancy.

Objective: To explore the relationships between self-reported sleep duration, insufficient sleep and snoring with body mass index (BMI) among multiethnic women at risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)in early pregnancy.