Glottic opening detection using deep learning for neonatal intubation with video laryngoscopy.

Objective: This study aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) method to augment video laryngoscopy (VL) by automating the detection of the glottic opening in neonates, as a step toward future studies on improving intubation outcomes.

Study Design: A deep learning model, YOLOv8, was trained on 1623 video frames from 84 neonatal intubations to detect the glottic opening and evaluated using 14-fold cross-validation on metrics like precision and recall. Additionally, it was compared with 25 medical providers of varied intubation experience to assess its relative performance.

Endotracheal Tube Size Adjustments Within Seven Days of Neonatal Intubation.

Background And Objectives: Neonatal endotracheal tube (ETT) size recommendations are based on limited evidence. We sought to determine data-driven weight-based ETT sizes for infants undergoing tracheal intubation and to compare these with Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) recommendations.

Methods: Retrospective multicenter cohort study from an international airway registry.

Standardizing neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy evaluation and documentation practices.

Background: Infants at risk for hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) require a time sensitive evaluation and decision-making regarding treatment with therapeutic hypothermia (TH). Prior to this project, there was no standardized approach to evaluating these infants locally.

Methods: Included infants were "at risk for HIE," defined as meeting the "patient characteristics" and "biochemical criteria" per the institutional HIE pathway.

Antenatal and intrapartum risk factors for neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.

Objective: To identify antenatal and intrapartum risk factors for neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).

Study Design: A single center, retrospective cohort study was conducted for 25,494 singleton births ≥36 weeks' gestation born between 2009 and 2016. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors for HIE.

A primer on traumatic brain injury for nursing faculty.

Incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is increasing on campuses. Despite growing media attention and athletic program protocols to address the issue, many are unaware of the potential effects such an injury can cause. This may be true for nursing faculty who teach or advise students recovering from TBI.

Notifiable disease reporting among public sector physicians in Nigeria: a cross-sectional survey to evaluate possible barriers and identify best sources of information.

Background: Since 2001, Nigeria has collected information on epidemic-prone and other diseases of public health importance through the Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response system (IDSR). Currently 23 diseases are designated as "notifiable" through IDSR, including human infection with avian influenza (AI). Following an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) in Nigerian poultry populations in 2006 and one laboratory confirmed human infection in 2007, a study was carried out to describe knowledge, perceptions, and practices related to infectious disease reporting through the IDSR system, physicians' preferred sources of heath information, and knowledge of AI infection in humans among public sector physicians in Nigeria.

Dark matter.

The evidence for the dark matter (DM) of the hot big bang cosmology is about as good as it gets in natural science. The exploration of its nature is now led by direct and indirect detection experiments, to be complemented by advances in the full range of cosmological tests, including judicious consideration of the rich phenomenology of galaxies. The results may confirm ideas about DM already under discussion.

Homeobox gene distal-less is required for neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth in the Drosophila olfactory system.

Vertebrate Dlx genes have been implicated in the differentiation of multiple neuronal subtypes, including cortical GABAergic interneurons, and mutations in Dlx genes have been linked to clinical conditions such as epilepsy and autism. Here we show that the single Drosophila Dlx homolog, distal-less, is required both to specify chemosensory neurons and to regulate the morphologies of their axons and dendrites. We establish that distal-less is necessary for development of the mushroom body, a brain region that processes olfactory information.

Virus detection and duration of illness among patients with 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in Texas.

Knowledge from early outbreaks is limited regarding the virus detection and illness duration of the 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) infections. During the period from April to May 2009 in Texas, we collected serial nasopharyngeal (NP) and stool specimens from 35 participants, testing by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) and culture. The participants were aged 2 months to 71 years; 25 (71%) were under 18.

Dual resistance to adamantanes and oseltamivir among seasonal influenza A(H1N1) viruses: 2008-2010.

Two distinct genetic clades of seasonal influenza A(H1N1) viruses have cocirculated in the recent seasons: clade 2B oseltamivir-resistant and adamantane-susceptible viruses, and clade 2C viruses that are resistant to adamantanes and susceptible to oseltamivir. We tested seasonal influenza A(H1N1) viruses collected in 2008-2010 from the United States and globally for resistance to antivirals approved by the Food and Drug Administration. We report 28 viruses with both adamantane and oseltamivir (dual) resistance from 5 countries belonging to 4 distinct genotypes.

Influenza-associated mortality among children - United States: 2007-2008.

Background: Since October 2004, pediatric influenza-associated deaths have been a nationally notifiable condition. To further investigate the bacterial organisms that may have contributed to death, we systematically collected information about bacterial cultures collected at non-sterile sites and about the timing of Staphylococcus aureus specimen collection relative to hospital admission.

Methods: We performed a retrospective, descriptive study of all reported influenza-associated pediatric deaths in 2007-2008 influenza season in the United States.

Nearby galaxies as pointers to a better theory of cosmic evolution.

The great advances in the network of cosmological tests show that the relativistic Big Bang theory is a good description of our expanding Universe. However, the properties of nearby galaxies that can be observed in greatest detail suggest that a better theory would describe a mechanism by which matter is more rapidly gathered into galaxies and groups of galaxies. This more rapid growth occurs in some theoretical ideas now under discussion.

Fluid Dark Matter.

Dark matter modeled as a classical scalar field that interacts only with gravity and with itself by a potential that is close to quartic at large field values and approaches a quadratic form when the field is small would be gravitationally produced by inflation and, at the present epoch, could act like an ideal fluid with pressure that is a function only of the mass density. This could have observationally interesting effects on the core radii and solid-body rotation of dark matter halos and on the low-mass end of the primeval mass fluctuation power spectrum.

A Model for Structure Formation Seeded by Gravitationally Produced Matter.

This model assumes the baryons, radiation, three families of massless neutrinos, and cold dark matter were mutually thermalized before the baryon number was fixed, primeval curvature fluctuations were subdominant, and homogeneity was broken by scale-invariant fluctuations in a new dark matter component that behaves like a relativistic ideal fluid. The fluid behavior could follow if this new component were a single scalar field that interacts only with gravity and with itself by a pure quartic potential. The initial energy distribution could follow if this component were gravitationally produced by inflation.

Galaxy formation.

It is argued that within the standard Big Bang cosmological model the bulk of the mass of the luminous parts of the large galaxies likely had been assembled by redshift z approximately 10. Galaxy assembly this early would be difficult to fit in the widely discussed adiabatic cold dark matter model for structure formation, but it could agree with an isocurvature version in which the cold dark matter is the remnant of a massive scalar field frozen (or squeezed) from quantum fluctuations during inflation. The squeezed field fluctuations would be Gaussian with zero mean, and the distribution of the field mass therefore would be the square of a random Gaussian process.

The history of the galaxies.

Astronomical observations now reach far enough back in time, in enough depth and detail, to reveal the history of galaxies since their formation. The early Universe contained a network of gas clouds that filled much of the space between the young galaxies, where stars were forming at a high rate. Since then, intergalactic space has been swept clean, and galaxies have continued to convert the dwindling supply of gas slow into stars.

The evolution of the universe.

Some 15 billion years ago the universe emerged from a hot, dense sea of matter and energy. As the cosmos expanded and cooled, it spawned galaxies, stars, planets and life.