The World Health Organization was born as a normative agency: Seventy-five years of global health law under WHO governance.

The World Health Organization (WHO) was born as a normative agency and has looked to global health law to structure collective action to realize global health with justice. Framed by its constitutional authority to act as the directing and coordinating authority on international health, WHO has long been seen as the central actor in the development and implementation of global health law. However, WHO has faced challenges in advancing law to prevent disease and promote health over the past 75 years, with global health law constrained by new health actors, shifting normative frameworks, and soft law diplomacy.

The impact of international health worker migration and recruitment on health systems in source countries: Stakeholder perspectives from Colombia, Indonesia, and Jordan.

Introduction: To address domestic shortages, high-income countries are increasingly recruiting health workers from low- and middle-income countries. This practice is much debated. Proponents underline benefits of return migration and remittances.

Counter-contestation in global health governance: The WHO and its member states in emergency settings.

Is the contestation of international institutions always a one-sided process that originates from nation-states? In research to date, there has been little discussion of the extent to which international institutions endure, or even form counter-reactions to national contestation strategies. This study examines the reasons for which WHO engages in counter-contestation vis-à-vis its member states. The paper analyzes the evolution of global health governance by relating a principal-agent approach and contestation considerations.

The Multilevel Dimension of Rules-Based Disease Surveillance beyond the State.

The timely availability of accurate information on disease outbreaks with a potential for cross-border spread is a global public good, allowing for a more effective preparedness and response. An ensuing question for national public health authorities is how such information is attained when it is gathered in territories beyond their jurisdiction. International and regional law norms emerge as an option for providing such a global public good.

[National Nursing Consensus on management of severe traumatic brain injury in children].

The nursing professional who treats critically ill children with cerebral injury is a key element within the pediatric intensive care team, since, through exhaustive assessment, plans nursing care in an integral manner aimed at the child and the family, and plays an essential role in the care of patients mainly at the hospital level (as well as at home). Therefore, the role played by nursing in the care of children with severe brain trauma is crucial. This guide offers nursing recommendations on neurocritical care, focusing on a systemic view based on nursing diagnoses according to the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association.

Sentinel Node in Oral Cancer: The Nuclear Medicine Aspects. A Survey from the Sentinel European Node Trial.

Purpose: Nuclear imaging plays a crucial role in lymphatic mapping of oral cancer. This evaluation represents a subanalysis of the original multicenter SENT trial data set, involving 434 patients with T1-T2, N0, and M0 oral squamous cell carcinoma. The impact of acquisition techniques, tracer injection timing relative to surgery, and causes of false-negative rate were assessed.

Sentinel node biopsy versus elective neck dissection. Which is more cost-effective? A prospective observational study.

Objective: The aim of this prospective not randomized observational study was to determine the costs and outcomes of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SNB) vs elective neck dissection (END) among patients with early oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Materials And Methods: Seventy-three consecutive patients were divided according to neck staging method. Patients took the decision themselves after receiving detailed information of both suggested treatment tools.

Sentinel European Node Trial (SENT): 3-year results of sentinel node biopsy in oral cancer.

Purpose: Optimum management of the N0 neck is unresolved in oral cancer. Sentinel node biopsy (SNB) can reliably detect microscopic lymph node metastasis. The object of this study was to establish whether the technique was both reliable in staging the N0 neck and a safe oncological procedure in patients with early-stage oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Implications of a positive sentinel node in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: The role of sentinel node biopsy in head and neck cancer is currently being explored. Patients with positive sentinel nodes were investigated to establish if additional metastases were present in the neck, their distribution, and their impact on outcome.

Methods: In all, 109 patients (n = 109) from 15 European centers, with cT1/2,N0 tumors, and a positive sentinel lymph node were identified.

Oroantral communications. A retrospective analysis.

Objective: To analyze characteristics, clinical evolution and surgical techniques of oroantral communication (OAC).

Study Design: We included all patients operated at the University Central Hospital (Oviedo, Spain) between 1996 and 2007. The variables assessed were age, sex, medical history, OAC size, sinus disease, surgical technique, duration of hospitalization and post-surgical evolution.

Primary de novo intraosseous carcinoma: report of a new case.

Primary de novo intraosseous carcinoma of the jaws has been rarely reported. We present a new case of this unusual tumour and discuss its histopathological and clinical aspects. The subject was a 76-year-old man who was seen due to complaints of pain and the presence of gingival changes in the left mandible.

Use of cultured human epithelium for coverage: a defect of radial forearm free flap donor site.

The radial forearm free flap has been popular in many areas of reconstructive surgery. Despite the many attributes of this flap in maxillofacial reconstruction, one of the disadvantages has been the morbidity of the donor site. Allogeneic cultured epidermis has been successfully applied on large second degree burns and on chronic leg ulcers.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma associated with symphyseal dental implants: an unusual case report.

Background: The development of squamous cell carcinoma (SCCa) around dental implants is an uncommon pathological manifestation. This case report describes a patient with history of oral lichen planus (OLP) and previous SCCa of the gingiva who developed SCCa adjacent to symphyseal implants.

Case Description: An 81-year-old edentulous woman with history of OLP developed an in situ SCCa on the left mandibular edentulous ridge.

Spontaneous fracture of the mandibular genial tubercles. A case report.

Fracture of the mandibular genial tubercles is an uncommon pathology affecting edentulous patients with severe maxillary atrophy. Usually occurs spontaneously which complicates the diagnosis. Their importance lies in the functional alterations, which occur as a consequence of the disinsertion of the genihyoid and genioglossus muscles.

Autosomal dominant osteopetrosis and maxillomandibular osteomyelitis.

Osteopetroses represent a heterogeneous group of rare, hereditary bony dysplasias. They range from a devastating neurometabolic disease (including severe malignant infantile osteopetrosis) to 2 more benign conditions principally affecting adults: autosomal dominant osteopetrosis (ADO) type I and type II. The present study describes the maxillofacial manifestations associated with the 2 subgroups of ADO.

Mandibular condyle fractures: determinants of treatment and outcome.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to analyze the principal variables that determine the choice of the method of treatment and the outcome in condylar fractures.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 104 mandibular condyle fractures to analyze and determine the relation between the principal clinical variables and the postoperative results. All patients underwent a clinic-radiologic investigation focusing on fracture remodeling, evolution, dental occlusion, and symmetry of the mandible.

Porous polyethylene implants in orbital floor reconstruction.

The purpose of this article is to present the authors' experience with the use of porous polyethylene ultrathin sheets for orbital floor reconstruction. Thirty-two patients with orbital floor fractures were treated with porous polyethylene ultrathin sheets. Sixteen cases corresponded to orbitozygomatic fractures, 11 cases corresponded to pure orbital floor fractures, and five corresponded to panfacial fractures.