Fish Bones as Calcium Source: Bioavailability of Micro and Nano Particles.

The amount of by-products/waste in the fish industry is roughly 50%. Fish bones could be used to produce nanoparticles, which may have potential use in the food industry as a novel calcium source and at the same time, contribute to reduce waste production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the bioavailability of nano-size salmon fish bone particles compared to micro-size salmon fish bone particles, and calcium carbonate.

Valorization of the Salmon Frame as a High-Calcium Ingredient in the Formulation of Nuggets: Evaluation of the Nutritional and Sensory Properties.

In the Chilean population, calcium consumption is deficient. Therefore, several strategies have been implemented to increase calcium intake, such as consuming dairy products and supplements. In this study, an ingredient composed of bone flour (BF) and protein hydrolysate (PH) obtained from salmon frame was used as an innovative source of calcium.

Application of CO-Laser Micro-Perforation Technology to Freeze-Drying Whole Strawberry (.): Effect on Primary Drying Time and Fruit Quality.

Freeze-drying (FD) processing preserves foods by combining the most effective traditional technologies. FD conserves the structure, shape, freshness, nutritional/bioactive value, color, and aroma at levels similar to or better than those of refrigerated and frozen foods while delivering the shelf-stable convenience of canned/hot-air-dehydrated foods. The mass transfer rate is the essential factor that can slow down the FD process, resulting in an excessive primary drying time and high energy consumption.

Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Salmon Frame Proteins Using a Sequential Batch Operational Strategy: An Improvement in Water-Holding Capacity.

The meat industry uses phosphates to improve the water-holding capacity (WHC) of meat products, although excess phosphates can be harmful to human health. In this sense, protein hydrolysates offer an alternative with scientific evidence of improved WHCs. Salmon frames, a byproduct rich in protein, must be processed for recovery.

Effect of Adding Bovine Skin Gelatin Hydrolysates on Antioxidant Properties, Texture, and Color in Chicken Meat Processing.

(1) Background: Phosphates are used in the food industry to improve water retention and product quality. However, when consumed in excess, they can be harmful to health. Instead, bovine skin gelatin hydrolysates present health benefits such as being a rejuvenating agent, stimulating collagen production, and improving food quality, in addition to being a source of protein.

Modeling Tool for Studying the Influence of Operating Conditions on the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Milk Proteins.

Systematic modeling of the enzymatic hydrolysis of milk proteins is needed to assist the study and production of partially hydrolyzed milk. The enzymatic hydrolysis of milk proteins was characterized and evaluated as a function of the temperature and protease concentration using Alcalase, Neutrase and Protamex. Modeling was based on the combination of two empirical models formed by a logarithmic and a polynomial equation to correlate the kinetic constants and the operating conditions.

Assessing the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Salmon Frame Proteins through Different By-Product/Water Ratios and pH Regimes.

The enzymatic hydrolysis of fish by-product proteins is traditionally carried out by mixing ground by-products with water. In addition, pH control is used to avoid pH drops. Higher costs are involved due to the use of pH control systems and the consequent energy cost in the drying stage.

Variable Retort Temperature Profiles (VRTPs) and Retortable Pouches as Tools to Minimize Furan Formation in Thermally Processed Food.

Furan and its derivates are present in a wide range of thermally processed foods and are of significant concern in jarred baby and toddler foods. Furan formation is attributed to chemical reactions between a variety of precursors and a high processing temperature. Also, some kinetic models to represent its formation in different food materials have been studied and could predict the furan formation under simulated operating conditions.

Native Yeasts and Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Spontaneous Fermentation of Seven Grape Cultivars from the Maule Region (Chile).

Grapes are a source of native yeasts and lactic acid bacteria (LAB); however, the microbial make up is dependent on the grape cultivar and the regional growth conditions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize the yeast and LAB in seven grape cultivars cultivated in Chile. Grape juices were fermented at 25 °C for 7 days.

Effects of Enzymatic Hydrolysis on the Functional Properties, Antioxidant Activity and Protein Structure of Black Soldier Fly () Protein.

The effects of chemical protein extraction, and enzymatic hydrolysis with Alcalase, papain and pepsin, on the functional properties, antioxidant activity, amino acid composition and protein structure of black soldier fly () larval protein were examined. Alcalase hydrolysates had the highest degree of hydrolysis ( 0.05), with the highest hydrolysate and oil fraction yield ( < 0.

Prediction of the Limiting Flux and Its Correlation with the Reynolds Number during the Microfiltration of Skim Milk Using an Improved Model.

Limiting flux (J) determination is a critical issue for membrane processing. This work presents a modified exponential model for J calculation, based on a previously published version. Our research focused on skim milk microfiltrations.

Enzyme Bioprospection of Marine-Derived Actinobacteria from the Chilean Coast and New Insight in the Mechanism of Keratin Degradation in sp. G11C.

Marine actinobacteria are viewed as a promising source of enzymes with potential technological applications. They contribute to the turnover of complex biopolymers, such as pectin, lignocellulose, chitin, and keratin, being able to secrete a wide variety of extracellular enzymes. Among these, keratinases are a valuable alternative for recycling keratin-rich waste, which is generated in large quantities by the poultry industry.

Prevalence of retrovirus, hepatitis B and D infection in the Matsés ethnic group in Loreto, Peru.

Observational, cross-sectional, populational study to determine the prevalence of infection by hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis D virus (HDV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 and 2 (HTLV-1/2) in the Matsés ethnic group, after immunization against HBV. ELISA and qPCR tests were used in 963 residents. The prevalence of HBsAg, Anti-HBc and Anti-HBs was 3.

Bovine skin gelatin hydrolysates as potential substitutes for polyphosphates: The role of degree of hydrolysis and pH on water-holding capacity.

The effects of adding bovine skin gelatin hydrolysate obtained with subtilisin, on water-holding capacity (WHC), in a thermally processed chicken meat model, were investigated. Hydrolysates with different degrees of hydrolysis (DH) (6.57%, 13.

Recent advances and perspectives of ultrasound assisted membrane food processing.

Power ultrasound (US) transmits substantial amounts of small mechanical movements serving for particle detaching in membrane filtrations. This topic has been reviewed in recent years mainly focused on the mechanisms by which the flux is improved under specific processing conditions. US also been shown to improve food quality by changing physical properties and modifying the activity of enzymes and microorganisms.

Freeze-Drying of Blueberries: Effects of Carbon Dioxide (CO) Laser Perforation as Skin Pretreatment to Improve Mass Transfer, Primary Drying Time, and Quality.

Freeze-dried berry fruits are generally consumed as they are, whole and without peeling or cutting, as the conservation of their original shape and appearance is often desired for the final product. However, usually, berries are naturally wrapped by an outer skin that imparts a barrier to vapor flow during freeze-drying, causing berry busting. Photo-sequence, experimental, and theoretical methodologies were applied to evaluate the application of CO laser microperforations to blueberry skin.

Calculation of statistic estimates of kinetic parameters from substrate uncompetitive inhibition equation using the median method.

We provide initial rate data from enzymatic reaction experiments and tis processing to estimate the kinetic parameters from the substrate uncompetitive inhibition equation using the median method published by Eisenthal and Cornish-Bowden (Cornish-Bowden and Eisenthal, 1974; Eisenthal and Cornish-Bowden, 1974). The method was denominated the direct linear plot and consists in the calculation of the median from a dataset of kinetic parameters and from the Michaelis-Menten equation. In this opportunity we present the procedure to applicate the direct linear plot to the substrate uncompetitive inhibition equation; a three-parameter equation.

Application of the median method to estimate the kinetic constants of the substrate uncompetitive inhibition equation.

In 1974, Eisenthal and Cornish-Bowden published the direct linear plot method, which used the median to estimate the V and K from a set of initial rates as a function of substrate concentrations. The robustness of this non-parametric method was clearly demonstrated by comparing it with the least-squares method. The authors commented that the method cannot readily be generalized to equations of more than two parameters.

[Mansonelosis by mansonella ozzardi in volunteers undergoing screening for malaria in the Peruvian Amazon].

Objectives: To determine the frequency, clinical features, and factors associated with M. ozzardi infection in volunteers of a malaria screening campaign in the district of Alto Nanay in the Amazon jungle of Peru.

Materials And Methods: A descriptive, analytical and cross-sectional study was performed.

Tissue-engineered autologous vaginal organs in patients: a pilot cohort study.

Background: Several disorders might require vaginal reconstruction, such as congenital abnormalities, injury, or cancer. Reconstructive techniques for which non-vaginal tissue is used can be associated with complications. We assessed the use of engineered vaginal organs in four patients with vaginal aplasia caused by Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome (MRKHS).

Microfluidic platform for combinatorial synthesis and optimization of targeted nanoparticles for cancer therapy.

Taking a nanoparticle (NP) from discovery to clinical translation has been slow compared to small molecules, in part by the lack of systems that enable their precise engineering and rapid optimization. In this work we have developed a microfluidic platform for the rapid, combinatorial synthesis and optimization of NPs. The system takes in a number of NP precursors from which a library of NPs with varying size, surface charge, target ligand density, and drug load is produced in a reproducible manner.

Parallel microfluidic synthesis of size-tunable polymeric nanoparticles using 3D flow focusing towards in vivo study.

Unlabelled: Microfluidic synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) can enhance the controllability and reproducibility in physicochemical properties of NPs compared to bulk synthesis methods. However, applications of microfluidic synthesis are typically limited to in vitro studies due to low production rates. Herein, we report the parallelization of NP synthesis by 3D hydrodynamic flow focusing (HFF) using a multilayer microfluidic system to enhance the production rate without losing the advantages of reproducibility, controllability, and robustness.

Spontaneous formation of heterogeneous patches on polymer-lipid core-shell particle surfaces during self-assembly.

Spontaneous formation of heterogeneous patches on the surface of lipid-based nanoparticles (NPs) and microparticles (MPs) due to the segregation of two different functional groups. Patch formation is observed when tracing the functional groups with quantum dots, gold nanoparticles, and fluorescent dyes. This discovery could have important implications for the future design of self-assembled NPs and MPs for different biomedical applications.