Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineage 4 associated with cavitations and treatment failure.

Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotyping has been crucial to determining the distribution and impact of different families on disease clinical presentation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the associations among sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and M. tuberculosis lineages from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Orizaba, Veracruz, Mexico.

Mycobacterial Growth Inhibition Assay (MGIA) as a Host Directed Diagnostic Tool for the Evaluation of the Immune Response in Subjects Living With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

The lack of efficient and cost-effective diagnostic tools contributes to poor control of tuberculosis in endemic countries. Moreover, host biological processes influence susceptibility, and infection resolution. It is well known that comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) affect the host immune response, making individuals more susceptible to infection.

High prevalence of MDR gram-negative bacteria in feces of healthy blood donors in Mexico.

During the initial stage of a study to recruit universal intestinal microbiota donors in Mexico City, we found multiple "healthy" subjects that colonized with MDRO (Multidrug-resistant organisms). We aimed to describe clinical and demographic characteristics of these individuals. This was a prospective observational study.

Simvastatin Enhances the Immune Response Against .

Tuberculosis remains a serious threat worldwide. For this reason, it is necessary to identify agents that shorten the duration of treatment, strengthen the host immune system, and/or decrease the damage caused by the infection. Statins are drugs that reduce plasma cholesterol levels and have immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects.

Potential Effect of Statins on Infection.

Tuberculosis is one of the 10 leading causes of death in the world. The current treatment is based on a combination of antimicrobials administered for six months. It is essential to find therapeutic agents with which the treatment time can be shortened and strengthen the host immune response against .

Fosfomycin trometamol in the prophylaxis of post-kidney transplant urinary tract infection: A controlled, randomized clinical trial.

Background: The aim of this controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fosfomycin trometamol (FOS) in urinary tract infection (UTI) prophylaxis during the first 6 months after renal transplant (RT).

Methods: The intervention group received 3 g of FOS PO every 10 days and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX, 160/800 mg) three times per week (Group 1), whereas the control group received TMP-SMX (160/800 mg) daily (Group 2). The outcomes were the time until the first UTI (symptomatic infection or asymptomatic bacteriuria (>10  CFU/mL)) and the incidence of UTI during the first 6 months post RT.

Tuberculosis and systemic lupus erythematosus: a case-control study in Mexico City.

To determine, among systemic lupus erythematosus patients, factors associated with active tuberculosis. We performed a case-control study, in a tertiary-care center in Mexico City. We defined cases as systemic lupus erythematosus patients with active tuberculosis and matched them 1:1 with systemic lupus erythematosus patients without tuberculosis (controls) by age, date of systemic lupus erythematosus diagnosis, and disease duration.

Genotyping and spatial analysis of pulmonary tuberculosis and diabetes cases in the state of Veracruz, Mexico.

Background: Genotyping and georeferencing in tuberculosis (TB) have been used to characterize the distribution of the disease and occurrence of transmission within specific groups and communities.

Objective: The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that diabetes mellitus (DM) and pulmonary TB may occur in spatial and molecular aggregations.

Material And Methods: Retrospective cohort study of patients with pulmonary TB.

Impact of Clostridium difficile infection caused by the NAP1/RT027 strain on severity and recurrence during an outbreak and transition to endemicity in a Mexican tertiary care center.

Objectives: To describe the clinical characteristics, outcomes, and factors associated with Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) due to ribotype 027 (RT027) and recurrence, including an outbreak period, with transition to endemicity.

Methods: A case-control study was performed. Clinical and demographic data were collected for patients with CDI during the period January 2008 to December 2015.

Identification and susceptibility testing of Candida spp. directly from yeast-positive blood cultures with Vitek 2.

Culture-based identification and antifungal susceptibility take 48-72hours after positivity. We analyzed the performance of Vitek2 directly from 40 yeast-positive blood-cultures; agreement of 100% was observed for the tested antifungals; identification showed the same species in 31/40. The method reduces time (13 to 18h) for preliminary results.

Acute Cholangitis After Bilioenteric Anastomosis for Bile Duct Injuries.

Background/purpose: The study aims to describe the clinical features, microbiology, and associated factors of acute cholangitis (AC) after bilioenteric anastomosis (BEA) for biliary duct injury (BDI). Additionally, we assessed the performance of the Tokyo Guidelines 2013 (TG13) recommendations in these patients.

Methods: We conducted a case-control study of 524 adults with a history of BEA for BDI from January 2000 to January 2014.

Human tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis: a retrospective comparison with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a Mexican tertiary care centre, 2000-2015.

Background: Human tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis is believed to be frequent in developing countries. Transmission is usually through ingestion of unpasteurized dairy products, although airborne contagion is possible. Disease caused by M.

Seroprevalence of brucellosis among dairy farm workers in Mexico.

Objective: To describe the seroprevalence and associated factors for brucellosis among dairy farm workers.

Materials And Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of a data set and sera from a previous cross-sectional study in a dairy farm. Sera were tested for Brucella spp.

Associated factors and outcomes for OXA-232 Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections in a tertiary care centre in Mexico City: A case-control-control study.

We describe the outcomes and factors associated with OXA-232 producing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections. A case-control-control study was performed; each case of infection by a carbapenem-resistant/OXA-232 (OXA-232-cases, n=27) was matched by isolation site, species, and date, with 2 cases of infection by carbapenem-susceptible/third-generation cephalosporin-susceptible (TGCS-controls, n=54) and 2 cases by carbapenem-susceptible/ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-controls, n=54); 66% were urinary tract and 18.5% intra-abdominal infections.

Factors Associated to Prevalence and Incidence of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Fecal Carriage: A Cohort Study in a Mexican Tertiary Care Hospital.

Background: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infections have emerged as a serious threat to health worldwide. They are associated with increased morbidity and mortality and are capable of silently colonizing the gastrointestinal tract. Because of this, there is great interest to characterize the epidemiology of CRE carriage and acquisition in healthcare facilities.

Trends of Mycobacterium bovis Isolation and First-Line Anti-tuberculosis Drug Susceptibility Profile: A Fifteen-Year Laboratory-Based Surveillance.

Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes the majority of tuberculosis (TB) cases in humans; however, in developing countries, human TB caused by M. bovis may be frequent but undetected. Human TB caused by M.