Nodal Yield in Level II-IV Neck Dissections in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Objectives: The main objective of this study is to analyze factors associated with nodal yield in level II-IV selective neck dissections (NDs) and the secondary objective is to assess its impact on overall and disease-free survival.

Methods: Observational retrospective study including adult patients submitted to level II-IV ND from January 2015 to December 2021 in the otorhinolaryngology department of a tertiary hospital center.

Results: A total of 44 patients and 78 level II-IV NDs (34 bilateral and 10 unilateral) were included.

Sinonasal Adenocarcinoma: Clinicopathological Characterization and Prognostic Factors.

Sinonasal (SN) malignancies are rare. Within SN adenocarcinomas, the most frequent are intestinal-type adenocarcinomas (ITACs). ITAC has been associated with wood and leather dust occupational exposure and TP53 mutations.

Review of 175 Cases of Tuberculosis Infections Affecting the Urogenital System.

Objective: Urogenital tuberculosis and disseminated tuberculosis affecting urogenital system are more fre quent in developing countries but are often overlooked in developed ones. We aimed to compare clinical characteristics and outcomes of urogenital tuberculosis and disseminated tuberculosis affecting the urogeni tal system.

Material And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data from patients with tuberculosis in the urogenital system, diagnosed in a tertiary center in a European country, from 2008 to 2018.

Lessons from Four Decades of Systemic Amyloidosis with Renal Involvement.

Background: Apart from ATTR amyloidosis, the epidemiology and outcomes of the most common subtypes of systemic amyloidosis in Portugal remain primarily unknown.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study evaluated patients with renal biopsy-proven amyloidosis, diagnosed from January 1978 to December 2019. Follow-up started at kidney disease presentation and ended at death or August 2020.

Giant multilocular prostatic cystadenoma, a diagnosis to consider in large pelvic male masses.

Giant multilocular prostatic cystadenomas are rare benign prostatic tumor, usually presenting as a large pelvic mass, compressing the adjacent organs but with no clear aggressive features, frequently causing obstructive voiding symptoms. Nowadays, imaging plays an important role on the adequate characterization of these lesions, not only on depicting their different internal components, but also the relationship with the adjacent structures, therefore providing the best preoperative surgical planning. Here we present a case of a 62-year-old patient with recurrent obstructive voiding symptoms due to a giant multilocular prostatic cystadenomas, with histologically correlation, posteriorly excised.

Azathioprine-induced interstitial nephritis in an anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) myeloperoxidase (MPO) vasculitis patient.

Azathioprine (AZA) is used in a wide array of autoimmune diseases, still corresponding to the mainstay maintenance therapy in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides. Although generally well-tolerated, several side effects are recognized. We report the case of a 50-year-old Caucasian man with kidney-limited ANCA myeloperoxidase (MPO) vasculitis who presented with general malaise, fever, worsening renal function, and elevated inflammatory markers 2 weeks after the initiation of therapy with oral AZA.

Multinodular Goiter Progression Toward Malignancy in a Case of DICER1 Syndrome: Histologic and Molecular Alterations.

Objectives: Multinodular goiter (MNG) and well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma (WDTC) are emerging phenotypes of DICER1 syndrome.

Methods: Histologic and molecular findings of botryoid-type embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (bERMS) and thyroid nodules from a 12-year-old DICER1 mutation carrier (p.Arg1060Ilefs*7) were investigated, providing interesting clues for understanding thyroid carcinogenesis.

Novel Missense LCAT Gene Mutation Associated with an Atypical Phenotype of Familial LCAT Deficiency in Two Portuguese Brothers.

Familial lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency (FLD) is a rare recessive disorder of cholesterol metabolism, caused by loss-of-function mutations in the human LCAT gene, leading to alterations in the lipid/lipoprotein profile, with extremely low HDL levels.The classical FLD phenotype is characterized by diffuse corneal opacification, haemolytic anaemia and proteinuric chronic kidney disease (CKD); an incomplete form, only affecting the corneas, has been reported in a few families worldwide.We describe an intermediate phenotype of LCAT deficiency, with CKD preceding the development of corneal clouding, in two Portuguese brothers apparently homozygous for a novel missense LCAT gene mutation.

Pigmented lesion of the nipple - a clinicopathological challenge.

Differential diagnoses of pigmented lesions of the nipple include melanocytic nevus, melanosis of the nipple, seborrheic keratosis, pigmented basal cell carcinoma, melanoma and Paget disease. The histologic exam with appropriate immunohistochemistry is a fundamental tool to achieve a correct diagnosis. We present a patient with a pigmented lesion of her right nipple revealing mammary Paget disease and elucidate diagnostic obstacles and prognostic importance of early breast cancer detection.

Morphometric study (macroscopic and microscopic) of the lower abdominal wall.

Background: Abdominoplasty using a more superficial plane of dissection has several advantages. Previous studies described a trilaminar structure (superficial and deep fat compartments separated by the Scarpa fascia) in the lower abdominal wall. This study aimed to gain a clearer understanding of compartment dominance and changes with increasing adiposity.

Large myocardial infarction with myocardium calcium deposits associated with reperfusion injury.

The clinical and autopsy findings of a 66-year-old man with myocardial infarction complicated by reperfusion injury are described, highlighting the presence of large myocardium calcium deposits.

The "PIP problem": clinical and histologic characteristics.

Implants from Poly Implant Prothése (PIP), the French manufacturer, showed increased risk of implant rupture and silicone leakage through the shell. Concerns also exist about the potential irritant behavior of silicone gel filler in these implants. This report presents the clinical, histologic, and microbiologic characteristics of a capsule and a siliconoma from a patient with a ruptured PIP implant.

Churg-Strauss syndrome presenting with eosinophilic myocarditis: a diagnostic challenge.

Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) is an unusual disease that presents as systemic vasculitis and peripheral eosinophilia in patients with an atopic constitution. Cardiac involvement is unusual and often not prominent on initial presentation, but is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with CSS. We report the case of a young woman with severe acute myocarditis.

The impact of triamcinolone acetonide in early breast capsule formation in a rabbit model.

Background: The etiology and clinical treatment of capsular contracture remain unresolved as the causes may be multifactorial. Triamcinolone acetonide applied in the pocket during surgery was reported to be ineffective in prevention of capsular contracture. However, if injected 4-6 weeks after surgery or as a treatment for capsular contracture, decreased applanation tonometry measurements and pain were observed.

Animal model of implant capsular contracture: effects of chitosan.

Background: The mechanism(s) responsible for breast capsular contracture (CC) remain unknown, but inflammatory pathways play a role. Various molecules have been attached to implant shells in the hope of modifying or preventing CC. The intrinsic antibacterial and antifungal activities of chitosan and related oligochitosan molecules lend themselves well to the study of the infectious hypothesis; chitosan's ability to bind to growth factors, its hemostatic action, and its ability to activate macrophages, cause cytokine stimulation, and increase the production of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 allow study of the hypertrophic scar hypothesis.

Effects of coagulase-negative staphylococci and fibrin on breast capsule formation in a rabbit model.

Background: The etiology and ideal clinical treatment of capsular contracture (CC) remain unresolved. Bacteria, especially coagulase-negative staphylococci, have been previously shown to accelerate the onset of CC. The role of fibrin in capsule formation has also been controversial.

Effects of fibrin, thrombin, and blood on breast capsule formation in a preclinical model.

Background: The root cause of capsular contracture (CC) associated with breast implants is unknown. Recent evidence points to the possible role of fibrin and bacteria in CC formation.

Objectives: The authors sought to determine whether fibrin, thrombin, and blood modulated the histological and microbiological outcomes of breast implant capsule formation in a rabbit model.

Cardiac metastasis of melanoma as first manifestation of disease.

Background: Metastatic tumors of the heart are 20 to 40 times more common than primary tumors. Metastases originate mainly in carcinomas and melanomas, the latter having the greatest propensity for cardiac involvement. On rare occasions this type of tumor may first manifest itself as a cardiac metastasis.