Long-term seizure outcome during continuous bipolar hippocampal deep brain stimulation in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy with or without mesial temporal sclerosis: An observational, open-label study.

Objective: We present the findings related to seizure outcome during hippocampal deep brain stimulation (Hip-DBS) in patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy.

Methods: Twenty-five patients submitted to Hip-DBS were studied. All patients were evaluated with interictal and ictal electroencephalography (EEG) and high-resolution 1.

Hippocampal deep brain stimulation: a therapeutic option in patients with extensive bilateral periventricular nodular heterotopia: a case report.

A female adult patient with extensive bilateral periventricular nodular heterotopia (PNH), who was referred for bilateral hippocampal deep brain stimulation (Hip-DBS), was investigated. She presented with daily focal aware and impaired-awareness seizures with automatism and weekly generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Her EEG showed bilateral independent ictal and interictal neocortical temporal lobe discharges and her MRI showed extensive, symmetric PNH.

Impact of Cardiac-Based Vagus Nerve Stimulation Closed-Loop Stimulation on the Seizure Outcome of Patients With Generalized Epilepsy: A Prospective, Individual-Control Study.

Objectives: We designed a prospective, individual-controlled study to evaluate the effect of cardiac-based VNS (cbVNS) in a cohort of patients with generalized epilepsy (GE).

Materials And Methods: Twenty patients were included. They were followed up for six months under regular VNS (rVNS) and subsequently for six months during cbVNS.

Seizure outcome during bilateral, continuous, thalamic centromedian nuclei deep brain stimulation in patients with generalized epilepsy: a prospective, open-label study.

Objective: We report on the seizure frequency and attention outcome during thalamic centromedian stimulation (CM-DBS) in patients with refractory generalized epilepsy (GE).

Methods: Twenty consecutive patients with GE who were submitted to CM-DBS and had at least one year of follow-up were prospectively studied. The CM was targeted bilaterally.

Seizure outcome after hippocampal deep brain stimulation in patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy: A prospective, controlled, randomized, double-blind study.

Objective: We designed a prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blind study to evaluate the efficacy of hippocampal deep brain stimulation (Hip-DBS) in patients with refractory temporary lobe epilepsy (TLE).

Methods: Sixteen adult patients with refractory TLE were studied. Patient's workup included medical history, interictal and ictal electroencephalography (EEG), and high-resolution 1.

Superior turbinectomy: role for a two-surgeon technique in endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery--technical note.

We describe a practical technique of superior turbinectomy followed by posterior ethmoidectomy as a less invasive procedure for two-surgeon technique on endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery. After identification of the superior turbinate and the sphenoid ostium, the inferior third portion of the superior turbinate was coagulated and resected. This partial superior turbinectomy procedure exposed the posterior ethmoidal sinus.

Endoscopic anatomy of the approaches to the sellar area and planum sphenoidale.

Unlabelled: The productive work between otolaryngologists and neurosurgeons has resulted in the emergence of endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery. The goal of the present study is to describe the endoscopic anatomy of the endonasal approach to the sellar region and planum sphenoidale, highlighting the key points of the surgical approach and the neurovascular landmarks.

Method: Descriptive study of the endoscopic endonasal dissection of 9 fresh cadavers with exposure of the anatomic structures.

Outcome after cortico-amygdalo-hippocampectomy in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and normal MRI.

Rationale: We describe seizure and neuropsychological outcome obtained after CAH in patients with TLE and normal MRI evaluated in the modern imaging era.

Methods: Forty-five adult consecutive patients with TLE and normal MRI were studied. All patients had neuropsychological testing, interictal and ictal EEG recordings and MRI.

Vagus nerve stimulation might have a unique effect in reflex eating seizures.

We studied the effects of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) on eating seizures, which theoretically would be triggered by neural activity and signaling from organs innervated by the vagus nerve. Three adult patients with daily nonreflex and reflex eating seizures were studied; one patient also had hot-water seizures. One patient had bilateral polymicrogyria and two had normal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings.

Parkinsonism induced by VNS in a child with double-cortex syndrome.

We describe a child with epilepsy associated with double-cortex syndrome in whom vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) generated parkinsonian symptoms. A 13-year-old girl presented with refractory secondary generalized epilepsy from the age of 6 years and mental retardation. Her electroencephalography (EEG) showed diffuse polyspike and wave discharges.

Outcome after cortico-amygdalo-hippocampectomy in patients with severe bilateral mesial temporal sclerosis submitted to invasive recording.

Introduction: Although some degree of bilateral hippocampal involvement might be frequent in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, severe bilateral mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) is very rare. We present our experience while treating patients with severe bilateral MTS submitted to invasive recordings.

Methods: Nine adult patients were studied.

Outcome after hemispherectomy in hemiplegic adult patients with refractory epilepsy associated with early middle cerebral artery infarcts.

Purpose: To study the outcome after hemispherectomy (HP) in a homogeneous adult patient population with refractory hemispheric epilepsy.

Methods: Fourteen adult patients submitted to HP were studied. Patients had to be at least 18 years old, and have refractory epilepsy, clearly focal lateralized seizures and unilateral porencephalus consistent with early middle cerebral artery infarct on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Outcome after extended callosal section in patients with primary idiopathic generalized epilepsy.

Purpose: We report the outcome of patients with refractory idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) who were submitted to extended one-stage callosal section.

Methods: Eleven patients with IGE who were submitted to extended one-stage callosal section were studied. Preoperative workup included history and neurologic examination, interictal, and ictal electroencephalography (EEG) recording, high resolution 1.

Outcome after corticoamygdalohippocampectomy in patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy and mesial temporal sclerosis without preoperative ictal recording.

Purpose: We report on the surgical outcome obtained in patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy with mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) who were evaluated preoperatively without ictal recording and were submitted to corticoamygdalohippocampectomy.

Methods: Two hundred twelve patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy were evaluated by means of clinical history, neurological examination, interictal electroencephalography (EEG), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and neuropsychological testing. MRI disclosed unilateral MTS in all patients.

Surgical outcome in patients with refractory epilepsy associated to MRI-defined unilateral mesial temporal sclerosis.

Introduction: Several pre-operative work-up protocols have been used while selecting epileptic patients for surgery among different centers. The relative value of the different available pre-operative tests is still under discussion.

Objective: We report on the surgical outcome obtained in patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy associated to mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) and who were evaluated pre-operatively by interictal EEG and MRI alone.

Sellar floor reconstruction after transsphenoidal surgery using fibrin glue without grafting or implants: technical note.

Background: Different techniques have already been described for reconstructing the sellar floor after transsphenoidal (TS) procedures. This paper reports on the use of fibrin glue alone without grafting or the use of implants in the reconstruction of the sellar floor after TS.

Methods: Five hundred sixty-seven patients who submitted to TS for pituitary and sellar region tumors were studied.

Extended, one-stage callosal section for treatment of refractory secondarily generalized epilepsy in patients with Lennox-Gastaut and Lennox-like syndromes.

Purpose: We report on the efficacy and safety of extended one-stage callosal section performed in a large and homogeneous series of patients.

Methods: Seventy-six patients with Lennox-Gastaut (n = 28) and Lennox-like (n = 48) syndrome were studied (42 male patients; mean age, 11.2 years).

[Early functional hemispherectomy in hemimegalencephaly associated to refractory epilepsy].

Hemimegalencephaly (HME) is a rare congenital brain malformation of unknown etiology. Patients with HME can present with an early onset epileptic syndrome which is often refractory to medical treatment and associated to impaired neurological development. Functional hemispherectomy (FH) has proven to be a valuable treatment alternative in patients with refractory epilepsy in this setting.