A Comprehensive Exploration of Therapeutic Strategies in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Insights from Human and Animal Studies.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a collective term for a group of chronic inflammatory enteropathies which are characterized by intestinal inflammation and persistent or frequent gastrointestinal signs. This disease affects more than 3.5 million humans worldwide and presents some similarities between animal species, in particular, dogs and cats.

Management of canine wounds using platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) biomaterial. A case series report.

Background: The increasing interest in platelet-based therapies has underwritten the development of novel veterinary regenerative treatments. The haemoderivative platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) comprises abundant concentrations of platelets and leucocytes, above the physiologic baseline, which are considered essential elements for wound regeneration, stimulating local angiogenesis, cellular migration, proliferation and differentiation, considered essential for skin repair.

Objectives: This study aimed to describe the treatment of eight dogs with naturally occurring cutaneous wounds, where autologous PRF therapy was applied, using a protocol developed by our group.

Mesenchymal Stem Cell Studies in the Goat Model for Biomedical Research-A Review of the Scientific Literature.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells, defined by their ability to self-renew, while maintaining the capacity to differentiate into different cellular lineages, presumably from their own germinal layer. MSCs therapy is based on its anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and regenerative potential. Firstly, they can differentiate into the target cell type, allowing them to regenerate the damaged area.

Canine-Origin Platelet-Rich Fibrin as an Effective Biomaterial for Wound Healing in Domestic Cats: A Preliminary Study.

Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is a recent platelet-based biomaterial, poised as an innovative regenerative strategy for the treatment of wounds from different etiologies. PRF is defined as a biodegradable scaffold containing elevated amounts of platelets and leukocytes having the capability to release high concentrations of bioactive structural proteins and acting as a temporal release healing hemoderivative. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of canine-origin PRF, obtained from blood of screened donors, as a regenerative biomaterial suitable for the treatment of critical wounds in felines.

Standardized Platelet-Rich Fibrin (PRF) from canine and feline origin: An analysis on its secretome pattern and architectural structure.

Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) has been incorporated in surgical procedures to promote tissue and bone healing, particularly in human medicine. The rationale for the use of platelet-based products stems from the fact that platelets, after being activated, release growth factors (GFs) and other active molecules such as cytokines, that modulate inflammation and tissue repair. Although PRF has been advanced as a therapeutic treatment for veterinary use, namely in canine and feline patients (following human medicine developments), to our knowledge a full characterization of PRF therapeutic effectors has never been performed.

Clinical application of mesenchymal stem cells therapy in musculoskeletal injuries in dogs-a review of the scientific literature.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent, which is defined by their ability to self-renew while maintaining the capacity to differentiate into a certain number of cells, presumably from their own germinal layer. MSCs therapy is based on their anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory (immunosuppressive), and regenerative potential. This review aims to provide a clinical overview of the MSCs potential as a therapeutic option for orthopedic diseases in dogs.

Evaluation of hematology, general serum biochemistry, bone turnover markers and bone marrow cytology in a glucocorticoid treated ovariectomized sheep model for osteoporosis research.

Osteoporosis is a metabolic disorder characterized by a loss of bone mass and structure and increasing the risk of fragility fractures, mostly among postmenopausal women. Sheep is a recognized large animal model for osteoporosis research. An experimental group of ewes (3-4 years old) was subjected to ovariectomy (OVX) and weekly glucocorticoid (GC) application for 24 weeks and compared with a sham control group.

Platelet-Derived Products in Veterinary Medicine: A New Trend or an Effective Therapy?

Platelet-derived products (PDPs) have gained popularity, mainly due to their high concentrations of bioactive molecules such as growth factors and cytokines, which play important roles in tissue healing and regeneration. PDPs are obtained through minimally invasive procedures and their therapeutic effect has been widely recognized. In veterinary medicine, however, the lack of standard protocols to generate PDPs is a major hurdle for assessing the clinical relevance of PDP-based therapies and for their widespread usage.

Mesenchymal stem cells therapy in companion animals: useful for immune-mediated diseases?

Mesenchymal stem cells are multipotent cells, with capacity for self-renewal and differentiation into tissues of mesodermal origin. These cells are possible therapeutic agents for autoimmune disorders, since they present remarkable immunomodulatory ability.The increase of immune-mediated diseases in veterinary medicine has led to a growing interest in the research of these disorders and their medical treatment.

Bioengineered surgical repair of a chronic oronasal fistula in a cat using autologous platelet-rich fibrin and bone marrow with a tailored 3D printed implant.

Clinical summary: A tissue engineering approach was used to aid the surgical repair of a chronic oronasal fistula (ONF) in a 13-year-old cat. A three-dimensional (3D) printed mesh, tailored to the size and shape of the ONF, was created to support a soft tissue flap used to close the defect; and also to provide a matrix for mesenchymal stromal cells present in bone marrow aspirate and bioactive cytokines and growth factors present in platelet-rich fibrin harvested from the patient. A CT scan at day 75 after surgery revealed the formation of new tissue in the defect and the healing process was complete at follow-up 6 months after surgery.

Large Animal Models for Osteochondral Regeneration.

Namely, in the last two decades, large animal models - small ruminants (sheep and goats), pigs, dogs and horses - have been used to study the physiopathology and to develop new therapeutic procedures to treat human clinical osteoarthritis. For that purpose, cartilage and/or osteochondral defects are generally performed in the stifle joint of selected large animal models at the condylar and trochlear femoral areas where spontaneous regeneration should be excluded. Experimental animal care and protection legislation and guideline documents of the US Food and Drug Administration, the American Society for Testing and Materials and the International Cartilage Repair Society should be followed, and also the specificities of the animal species used for these studies must be taken into account, such as the cartilage thickness of the selected defect localization, the defined cartilage critical size defect and the joint anatomy in view of the post-operative techniques to be performed to evaluate the chondral/osteochondral repair.

Evaluation of the composition of L. seed oil extracted with supercritical CO.

Among the most important tropical fruit grown in the world today and in Brazil, papaya occupies a prominent place. Native to tropical America, papaya has spread to several regions of the world, and Brazil accounts for 12.74% of the world production, followed by Mexico, Nigeria and India.

Assessment of bone healing ability of calcium phosphate cements loaded with platelet lysate in rat calvarial defects.

Injectable calcium phosphate cements have been used as a valid alternative to autologous bone grafts for bone augmentation with the additional advantage of enabling minimally invasive implantation procedures and for perfectly fitting the tissue defect. Nevertheless, they have low biodegradability and lack adequate biochemical signaling to promote bone healing and remodeling. In previous in vitro studies, we observed that the incorporation of platelet lysate directly into the cement paste or loaded in hyaluronic acid microspheres allowed to modulate the cement degradation and the in vitro expression of osteogenic markers in seeded human adipose derived stem cells.

Exploring the Potential of Starch/Polycaprolactone Aligned Magnetic Responsive Scaffolds for Tendon Regeneration.

The application of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in tissue engineering (TE) approaches opens several new research possibilities in this field, enabling a new generation of multifunctional constructs for tissue regeneration. This study describes the development of sophisticated magnetic polymer scaffolds with aligned structural features aimed at applications in tendon tissue engineering (TTE). Tissue engineering magnetic scaffolds are prepared by incorporating iron oxide MNPs into a 3D structure of aligned SPCL (starch and polycaprolactone) fibers fabricated by rapid prototyping (RP) technology.

Electrospinning of Bioinspired Polymer Scaffolds.

Electrospinning is a technique used in the production of polymer nanofibre meshes. The use of biodegradable and biocompatible polymers to produce nanofibres that closely mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) of different tissues has opened a wide range of possibilities for the application of electrospinning in Tissue Engineering. It is believed that nano-features (such as voids and surface cues) present in nanofibre mesh scaffolds, combined with the chemical composition of the fibres, can stimulate cell attachment, growth and differentiation.

Evaluation of the in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of carrageenan-based hydrogels.

Carrageenans are highly sulphated galactans, well-known for their thermogelation properties which have been extensively exploited in food and cosmetics industry but poorly explored in the biomedicine field. In this study, we have assessed the in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of κ-carrageenan hydrogels that have been explored for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering applications. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the materials using a L929 mouse fibroblast cell line was evaluated, and the effect of κ-carrageenan hydrogels on the activation of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils cells (hPMNs) was also evaluated by the quantification of reactive oxygen species by chemiluminescence.

Undifferentiated human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells loaded onto wet-spun starch-polycaprolactone scaffolds enhance bone regeneration: nude mice calvarial defect in vivo study.

The repair of large bony defects remains challenging in the clinical setting. Human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (hASCs) have been reported to differentiate along different cell lineages, including the osteogenic. The objective of the present study was to assess the bone regeneration potential of undifferentiated hASCs loaded in starch-polycaprolactone (SPCL) scaffolds, in a critical-sized nude mice calvarial defect.

Chondrogenic potential of two hASCs subpopulations loaded onto gellan gum hydrogel evaluated in a nude mice model.

Cells constitute one of the fundamental components of any cartilage tissue engineering approach. Adipose tissue derived stem cells (ASCs) have a promising future considering the abundance of this tissue in the human body, ease of harness, and the high number of stem cells that can be isolated from small amounts of tissue. However the stromal vascular fraction of the adipose tissue that is isolated upon digestion by collagenase followed by a rough selection of the adherent cells, is composed of many different types of cells, some of which may compromise the proliferation and the differentiation of the ASCs.

Xenofree enzymatic products for the isolation of human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells.

Human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) are an abundant, readily available population of adult stem cells that reside in adipose tissue and that have a great potential utility for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine therapeutic applications. Several preclinical studies have shown that ASCs have therapeutic applicability, but a standardized isolation and expansion methodology for clinical cell therapy has yet to be established. ASC are typically isolated and expanded using reagents with xenogenic components and this may pose certain risks and safety issues, such as exposure to infectious agents and immune reactions, creating further obstacles to the translation of ASC-based therapies to clinical scenarios.

The effect of storage time on adipose-derived stem cell recovery from human lipoaspirates.

Multipotent adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) can be isolated with high yield from human subcutaneous lipoaspirates. This study reports our experience isolating, expanding, differentiating and immunophenotypically characterizing ASCs over a period of 4 days after having surgically obtained the lipoaspirate samples. The ultimate goal is to understand how to optimize the consistent isolation of ASCs from lipoaspirates.

Use of animal protein-free products for passaging adherent human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells.

Adherent adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASC) have been used in pre-clinical regenerative medical studies applied to a broad range of tissues with an ultimate goal of translating these findings to clinical safety and efficacy testing; however, many protocols passage the cells using porcine-derived trypsin. We have compared porcine trypsin with animal protein-free products from recombinant bacteria (TrypLE Express; Invitrogene) and corn (TrypZean; Sigma) based on cell yield, viability and immunophenotype. ASC harvested with each trypsin product were comparable.