Particle lung deposited surface area (LDSA) size distributions in different urban environments and geographical regions: Towards understanding of the PM dose-response.

Recent studies indicate that monitoring only fine particulate matter (PM) may not be enough to understand and tackle the health risk caused by particulate pollution. Health effects per unit PM seem to increase in countries with low PM, but also near local pollution sources (e.g.

Compound climate-pollution extremes in Santiago de Chile.

Cities in the global south face dire climate impacts. It is in socioeconomically marginalized urban communities of the global south that the effects of climate change are felt most deeply. Santiago de Chile, a major mid-latitude Andean city of 7.

Calibration of SO and NO Electrochemical Sensors via a Training and Testing Method in an Industrial Coastal Environment.

Low-cost sensors can provide inaccurate data as temperature and humidity affect sensor accuracy. Therefore, calibration and data correction are essential to obtain reliable measurements. This article presents a training and testing method used to calibrate a sensor module assembled from SO2 and NO2 electrochemical sensors (Alphasense B4 and B43F) alongside air temperature (T) and humidity (RH) sensors.

TUBE Project: Transport-Derived Ultrafines and the Brain Effects.

The adverse effects of air pollutants on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems are unquestionable. However, in recent years, indications of effects beyond these organ systems have become more evident. Traffic-related air pollution has been linked with neurological diseases, exacerbated cognitive dysfunction, and Alzheimer's disease.

Trends in particle matter and its elemental composition in Santiago de Chile, 2011 - 2018.

Daily fine (PM) and coarse (PM) particle matter (PM) samples collected at Parque O'Higgins station in downtown Santiago de Chile have been studied to find the trends in concentration from 1998 to 2018. Elemental concentration was obtained using X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Regression models from previous studies indicate that the PM and PM fractions have had a continuous decrease since 1988 mostly due to several policy control measures carried out over several decades.

Field performance of a low-cost sensor in the monitoring of particulate matter in Santiago, Chile.

Integration of low-cost air quality sensors with the internet of things (IoT) has become a feasible approach towards the development of smart cities. Several studies have assessed the performance of low-cost air quality sensors by comparing their measurements with reference instruments. We examined the performance of a low-cost IoT particulate matter (PM and PM) sensor in the urban environment of Santiago, Chile.

Secondary particles formed from the exhaust of vehicles using ethanol-gasoline blends increase the production of pulmonary and cardiac reactive oxygen species and induce pulmonary inflammation.

Background: Ethanol vehicles release exhaust gases that contribute to the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA).

Objective: To determine in vivo toxicity resulting from exposure to SOA derived from vehicles using different ethanol-gasoline blends (E0, E10, E22, E85W, E85S, E100).

Methods: Exhaust emissions from vehicles using ethanol blends were delivered to a photochemical chamber and reacted to produce SOA.

Elemental and Mineralogical Composition of the Western Andean Snow (18°S-41°S).

The snowpack is an important source of water for many Andean communities. Because of its importance, elemental and mineralogical composition analysis of the Andean snow is a worthwhile effort. In this study, we conducted a chemical composition analysis (major and trace elements, mineralogy, and chemical enrichment) of surface snow sampled at 21 sites across a transect of about 2,500 km in the Chilean Andes (18-41°S).

Monitoring and modeling of household air quality related to use of different Cookfuels in Paraguay.

In Paraguay, 49% of the population depends on biomass (wood and charcoal) for cooking. Residential biomass burning is a major source of fine particulate matter (PM ) and carbon monoxide (CO) in and around the household environment. In July 2016, cross-sectional household air pollution sampling was conducted in 80 households in rural Paraguay.

PM2.5 mass and species trends in Santiago, Chile, 1998 to 2010: the impact of fuel-related interventions and fuel sales.

Unlabelled: Improving air quality in Santiago has been a high priority for the Chilean government. In this paper we examine trends of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) mass and species concentrations during the period 1998 to 2010 and explore the impact of fuel-related interventions and fuel sales on concentration changes.

Modification in the soil and traffic-related sources of particle matter between 1998 and 2007 in Santiago de Chile.

Santiago de Chile is one of the most polluted South American cities, concentrating its pollution episodes during winter. Daily PM2.5 (particulate matter [PM] < or = 2.

Effect of gas and kerosene space heaters on indoor air quality: a study in homes of Santiago, Chile.

The impact of outdoor and indoor pollution sources on indoor air quality in Santiago, Chile was investigated. Toward this end, 16 homes were sampled in four sessions. Each session included an outdoor site and four homes using different unvented space heaters (electric or central heating, compressed natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, and kerosene).

Components of particulate air pollution and emergency department visits in Chile.

The objective of the present study was to determine the association between several elements of particulates and Emergency Department (ED) visits in a general population sample. Daily time-series analyses tested the association between daily ED visit and air pollutants and components of particulates measured in Santiago Centro, a municipality, which includes downtown Santiago during the period from 2001 to 2006. The strongest individual effect was seen for elemental carbon.

Trends in the elemental composition of fine particulate matter in Santiago, Chile, from 1998 to 2003.

Santiago, Chile, is one of the most polluted cities in South America. As a response, over the past 15 yr, numerous pollution reduction programs have been implemented by the environmental authority, Comisión Nacional del Medio Ambiente. This paper assesses the effectiveness of these interventions by examining the trends of fine particulate matter (PM(2.

Analysis of PM10, PM2.5, and PM2 5-10 concentrations in Santiago, Chile, from 1989 to 2001.

Daily particle samples were collected in Santiago, Chile, at four urban locations from January 1, 1989, through December 31, 2001. Both fine PM with da < 2.5 microm (PM2.

Use of the light absorption coefficient to monitor elemental carbon and PM2.5--example of Santiago de Chile.

The optical absorption coefficient, particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <2.5 microm, and elemental carbon (EC) have been measured simultaneously during winter and spring of 2000 in the western part of Santiago, Chile (Pudahuel district). The optical measurements were carried out with a low-cost instrument recently developed at the University of Santiago.

Measurements of children's exposures to particles and nitrogen dioxide in Santiago, Chile.

An exposure study of children (aged 10-12 years) living in Santiago, Chile, was conducted. Personal, indoor and outdoor fine and inhalable particulate matter (< 2.5 .