Usability and value of a digital learning resource in nursing education across European countries: a cross-sectional exploration.

Background: Higher education is responsible for providing education that meets international benchmarks relevant to the needs of the international community. Due to the increase of digital tools in higher education, the possibility of sharing learning resources across nations has expanded. In the current project, a Norwegian university invited universities in Spain and the United Kingdom to adapt and translate e-learning resources originally developed for Norwegian nursing students for use within their respective Bachelor in Nursing programmes.

Drivers for human papillomavirus vaccination in Valencia (Spain).

Objective: To describe the drivers associated with HPV vaccination in adolescent girls and their parent's opinion on the vaccine.

Methods: We conducted an observational and cross-sectional study on adolescent girls and their parents in Valencia (Spain), between September 2011 and June 2012. A consultation was made at a random sample of schools of the 14-year-old girls that should have received the vaccine in the free vaccination programme.

Effectiveness of HPV vaccines against genital warts in women from Valencia, Spain.

Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of the HPV vaccines in preventing genital warts in young women.

Design: Population-based study using health databases.

Setting: Valencian Community (Spain).

[Relationship between maternal body mass index, gestational weight gain and birth weight; prospective study in a health department].

Objectives: To ascertain the relationship between maternal weight gain and birth weight, in every pre-gestational body mass index (BMI) category.

Material And Methods: A two-stage sampling observational and descriptive study was carried out in the health department of La Ribera (Valencia, Spain). The sample was divided into four groups according to pre-gestational BMI.

"Knowledge and attitudes of Spanish adolescent girls towards human papillomavirus infection: where to intervene to improve vaccination coverage".

Background: HPV vaccine coverage is far from ideal in Valencia, Spain, and this could be partially related to the low knowledge about the disease and the vaccine, therefore we assessed these, as well as the attitude towards vaccination in adolescent girls, and tried to identify independently associated factors that could potentially be modified by an intervention in order to increase vaccine coverage.

Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in a random selection of schools of the Spanish region of Valencia. We asked mothers of 1278 girls, who should have been vaccinated in the 2011 campaign, for informed consent.

Ethical considerations of universal vaccination against human papilloma virus.

Background: From an epidemiological perspective, the practice of universal vaccination of girls and young women in order to prevent human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and potential development of cervical cancer is widely accepted even though it may lead to the neglect of other preventive strategies against cervical cancer.

Discussion: It is argued that removing the deterrent effect--the fear of developing cancer--could encourage teenage sex. This paper reflects on the ethical legitimacy of the universal vaccination of girls and young women against HPV infection, especially regarding safety issues, the need to vaccinate people who have opted to abstain from sex, the presumption of early onset of sexual relations, the commercial interests of the companies that manufacture the vaccine, and the recommendation of universal vaccination in males.