Investigating chemical changes, material properties, and off-gas emissions in sewage sludge through thermal plasma treatment.

This study aimed to investigate the thermal plasma treatment of sewage sludge as an alternative waste management solution. Samples were collected from a sewage treatment facility in São Paulo, Brazil, and subjected to thermal treatments in a furnace at temperatures of 400, 600, 800, and 900 °C to assess moisture content, mass loss, and ash composition. Subsequently, the samples were processed in a thermal plasma reactor operating at an average power of 30 kW.