Persistent Infection by a Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strain That Was Theorized To Have Advantageous Properties, as It Was Responsible for a Massive Outbreak.

The strains involved in tuberculosis outbreaks are considered highly virulent and transmissible. We analyzed the case of a patient in Madrid, Spain, who was persistently infected over an 8-year period by the same Beijing Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain. The strain was responsible for a severe outbreak on Gran Canaria Island.

Changes caused by haloperidol are blocked by music in Wistar rat.

This study sought to evaluate the effect of classical music, using Mozart's sonata for two pianos (K. 448), on changes in dopamine (DA) levels in the striatal nucleus (SN), prefrontal cortex (PFC) and mesencephalon, and on prolactin (PRL) and corticosterone secretion in adult male Wistar rats. Rats were divided into four groups: (1) control, (2) haloperidol treatment (single dose of 2 mg/kg s.

Improvement of capecitabine antitumoral activity by melatonin in pancreatic cancer.

Objective: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the effects of the addition of melatonin and capecitabine on experimental pancreatic cancer.

Methods: Fifty Syrian hamsters were randomized in 5 groups: group 1: no tumor induction (control group); group 2: tumor induction with BOP [N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl) amine]; group 3: tumor induction with BOP and melatonin administration; group 4: tumor induction with BOP and capecitabine administration; and group 5: tumor induction with BOP and administration of combined capecitabine and melatonin therapy. The evaluation of pathological tumor evolution and oxidative stress markers in pancreatic tissue was carried out.

Melatonin and celecoxib improve the outcomes in hamsters with experimental pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic cancer is a major health problem because of the aggressiveness of the disease and the lack of effective systemic therapies. Melatonin (MEL) has antioxidant activity and prevents experimental genotoxicity. The specific inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), celecoxib (CEL), increases the efficacy of chemoradiotherapy in advanced pancreatic cancer.

Antioxidant-like effects and protective action of transcranial magnetic stimulation in depression caused by olfactory bulbectomy.

We studied the effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS, 60 Hz and 0.7 mT for 4 h/day for 14 days) on oxidative and cell damage caused by olfactory bulbectomy (OBX) in Wistar rats. The levels of lipid peroxidation products and caspase-3 were enhanced by OBX, whereas it prompted a reduction in reduced glutathione (GSH) content and antioxidative enzymes activities.

Protective effect of nicotine on oxidative and cell damage in rats with depression induced by olfactory bulbectomy.

We evaluated the effects of nicotine on cell and oxidative damage caused by olfactory bulbectomy (OBX). The rats were divided into seven groups as follows: i) control; ii) vehicle (6% ethanol); iii) treated with nicotine; iv) sham operated; v) olfactory bulbectomy (OBX); vi) OBX+vehicle; and vii) OBX+Nic. The OBX was performed using the trepanation of frontal bone.

Infliximab reduces myeloperoxidase concentration in chronic inflammatory joint diseases.

Unlabelled: The present study evaluated the effect of infliximab on the myeloperoxidase (MPO) concentration in chronic inflammatory joint disease. Eighteen patients were divided into active and inactive groups. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, white blood cell counts, MPO concentration, and biomarkers of oxidative stress were measured before and after the infusion of infliximab.

Effect of 17beta-estradiol on olfactory bulbectomy-induced oxidative stress and behavioral changes in rats.

The present study evaluated 17beta-estradiol (17betaE(2)) (2.5 mg/kg sc) effects on bilateral OBX-induced behavioral changes and oxidative stress. OBX in male Wistar rats produced an increase in lipid peroxidation products and a decline in reduced glutathione (GSH) content and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, together with an increase in caspase-3 activity.

Melatonin exerts a more potent effect than S-adenosyl-l-methionine against iron metabolism disturbances, oxidative stress and tissue injury induced by obstructive jaundice in rats.

Melatonin and S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAMe) prevent oxidative stress and tissue dysfunction in obstructive jaundice (OJ). Lipid peroxidation is exacerbated in the presence of trace amounts of iron (Fe). The study investigated the regulation by melatonin and SAMe the induction of oxidative stress, iron metabolism disturbances and tissue injury in an experimental model of OJ.

Beneficial properties of melatonin in an experimental model of pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic cancer is a major health problem because of the aggressiveness of the disease and the lack of effective systemic therapies. Melatonin has antioxidant activity and prevents experimental genotoxicity. However, the effect of melatonin in pancreatic cancer has not been tested.

Melatonin prevents brain oxidative stress induced by obstructive jaundice in rats.

The aim of the study was to analyze the impact of melatonin on brain oxidative stress in experimental biliary obstruction. Cholestasis was done by a double ligature and section of the extrahepatic biliary duct. Melatonin was injected intraperitoneally (500 microg/kg/day).

Effect of testosterone on oxidative stress and cell damage induced by 3-nitropropionic acid in striatum of ovariectomized rats.

This paper evaluates the effects of testosterone (0.5 mg/kg subcutaneously (s.c.

Effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation on oxidative stress induced by 3-nitropropionic acid in cortical synaptosomes.

This study evaluates the effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS; 60 Hz and 0.7 mT) treatment on 3-nitropropionic acid (20 mg/kg i.p.

Protective effect of carvedilol on oxidative stress induced by okadaic acid in N1E-115 cells.

The effect of carvedilol on oxidative and cell damage induced by okadaic acid in N1E-115 cells were studied. The effects of okadaic acid were evaluated as changes in: the quantity of lipid peroxidation products, protein carbonyl groups, reduced glutathione content (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and total lactate dehydrogenase (cell LDH). Additionally, a dose of carvedilol (10(-5)M) was added 2h before incubation with okadaic acid (50 nM) and was present until the end of the experiment (2h later added okadaic acid).

Role of serotonin in cerebral oxidative stress in rats.

Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a monoamine neurotransmitter synthesized by the aromatic amino acid decarboxylase using 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) as a substrate. It was recently shown that serotonin and its precursor have powerful antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of reduction in 5-HT levels by parachlorophenylalanine (pCPA) and their restoration by 5-HTP administration on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in rat brain.

Ovariectomy exacerbates oxidative stress and cardiopathy induced by adriamycin.

Ovarian hormone depletion in ovariectomized experimental animals is a useful model with which to study the physiopathological consequences of menopause in women. It has been suggested that menopause is a risk factor for the induction of several cardiovascular disorders. In the present study we analyzed the effects of ovarian hormone depletion by ovariectomy (OVX) in a model of oxidative stress and cardiopathy induced by adriamycin (AD).

Transcranial magnetic stimulation attenuates cell loss and oxidative damage in the striatum induced in the 3-nitropropionic model of Huntington's disease.

An investigation was conducted on the effect of transcranial magnetic field stimulation (TMS) on the free radical production and neuronal cell loss produced by 3-nitropropionic acid in rats. The effects of 3-nitropropionic acid were evaluated by examining the following changes in: the quantity of hydroperoxides and total radical-trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP), lipid peroxidation products, protein carbonyl groups, reduced glutathione (GSH) content, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activities; total nitrite and cell death [morphological changes, quantification of neuronal loss and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels]. Our results reveal that 3-nitropropionic acid induces oxidative and nitrosative stress in the striatum, prompts cell loss and also shows that TMS prevents the harmful effects induced by the acid.

Melatonin reduces apoptosis and necrosis induced by ischemia/reperfusion injury of the pancreas.

The pancreas is highly susceptible to the oxidative stress induced by ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury leading to the generation of acute pancreatitis. Melatonin has been shown to be useful in the prevention of the damage by ischemia-reperfusion in liver, brain, myocardium, gut and kidney. The aim of the study was to evaluate the cytoprotective properties of melatonin against injury induced by IR in pancreas.

17 beta-Estradiol may affect vulnerability of striatum in a 3-nitropropionic acid-induced experimental model of Huntington's disease in ovariectomized rats.

The aim of present study was to clarify the role of female sex hormones in the development and course of neurodegenerative disease in an experimental model of Huntington's disease induced by 3-nitropropionic acid (NPA) (30 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p.)/day for 4 days) in ovariectomized rat.

Protective effect of red wine on oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activities in the brain and kidney induced by feeding high cholesterol in rats.

The effect of red wine (400 ml/70 kg) on brain and kidney oxidative stress and antioxidative enzymes activities induced by cholesterol-enriched diet (supplemented with 1.65% of cholesterol (w/w) for 4 weeks) was studied in rats. When red wine (Montilla-Moriles, Cordoba, Spain) was simultaneously supplemented to high-cholesterol diet for 4 weeks, total cholesterol and lipid peroxidation products in the brain, kidney and erythrocytes significantly decreased compared with the high-cholesterol, while GSH content and antioxidative enzymes activities enhanced.

Comparison of melatonin, vitamin E and L-carnitine in the treatment of neuro- and hepatotoxicity induced by thioacetamide.

This study was designed to evaluate and compare the effect of melatonin, vitamin E and L-carnitine on brain and liver oxidative stress and liver damage. Oxidative stress and hepatic failure were produced by a single dose of thioacetamide (TAA) (150 mg kg(-1)) in Wistar rats. A dose of either melatonin (3 mg kg(-1)) vitamin E (20 mg kg(-1) ) or L-carnitine (100 mg kg(-1)) was used.

Effect of 17-beta-estradiol administration during adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy in ovariectomized rat.

The incidence of cardiovascular diseases in humans differs in relation to the age of the patient. Although women suffer less than men from cardiovascular disorders during 15-55 years, after this period the incidence is equivalent in both sexes. This data suggests a cytoprotective effect of estrogens against cardiovascular disease.