Toward low-friction and high-adhesion solutions: Emerging strategies for nanofibrous scaffolds in articular cartilage engineering.

Aging, trauma, pathology, and poor natural tissue regeneration are the leading causes of osteoarthritis (OA), an articular cartilage disease. Electrospun scaffolds have gained attention as potential matrices for the treatment of OA because of their high degree of ECM mimicry, which suits chondrocyte migration, adhesion, and proliferation. However, none of the products recently introduced in the market are nanofiber-based.

Lignocellulosic-biomolecules conjugated systems: green-engineered complexes modified by covalent linkers.

Lignocellulosic biomass represents an abundant and eco-friendly material widely explored in recent years. The main lignocellulosic fractions include cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Nonetheless, the heterogeneity and complexity of these components pose challenges in achieving the desired properties.

Liposome surface modification by phospholipid chemical reactions.

Liposomal systems are well known for playing an important role as drug carriers, presenting several therapeutic applications in different sectors, such as in drug delivery, diagnosis, and in many other academic areas. A novel class of this nanoparticle is the actively target liposome, which is constructed with the surface modified with appropriated molecules (or ligands) to actively bind a target molecule of certain cells, system, or tissue. There are many ways to functionalize these nanostructures, from non-covalent adsorption to covalent bond formation.