Antioxidant Compound Adsorption in Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone from Chilean and Grape Pomaces as Potential By-Products.

Grape pomace (GP) is a by-product resulting from the winemaking process and its potential use as a source of bioactive compounds is well known. The GP bioactive compounds can be retained in the well-known polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP), industrially used in the clarification and stabilization of wine and other drinks. Thus, the polyphenolic compounds (PC) from the Chilean , , and GP were extracted, and their compositions and antioxidant capacities (ORAC-FL) were determined.

Nutritional value and biological properties of Chilean wild and commercial edible mushrooms.

The nutritional value and biological properties of 24 samples of Chilean edible mushrooms were evaluated. The nutritional value was determined by measuring moisture, protein, fat, ash and carbohydrate contents. The biological activity was determined by using antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant tests.

The impact of Andean Patagonian mycoflora in the search for new lead molecules.

Secondary metabolites from fungi have become a major source of chemical innovation in programs searching for lead molecules with bioactivities, especially over the last 50 years. In this review, we discuss the fundamental considerations in the discovery of molecules for agricultural and medicinal uses. This group of organisms possesses a strong potential for scientific and industrial communities.

Antifungal activities of secondary metabolites isolated from liquid fermentations of Stereum hirsutum (Sh134-11) against Botrytis cinerea (grey mould agent).

Extracts obtained from liquid mycelial fermentations of the Chilean fungus Stereum hirsutum (Sh134-11) showed antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea. Two types of extracts were obtained: EtOAc-extract (liquid phase) and MeOH-extract (mycelial phase). Plate diffusion assay showed that EtOAc-extracts were more active than MeOH-extracts.

New environmentally-friendly antimicrobials and biocides from Andean and Mexican biodiversity.

Persistent application of pesticides often leads to accumulation in the environment and to the development of resistance in various organisms. These chemicals frequently degrade slowly and have the potential to bio-accumulate across the food chain and in top predators. Cancer and neuronal damage at genomic and proteomic levels have been linked to exposure to pesticides in humans.

Bioactive compounds isolated from submerged fermentations of the Chilean fungus Stereum rameale.

Liquid fermentations of the fungus Stereum rameale (N° 2511) yielded extracts with antibacterial activity. The antibacterial activity reached its peak after 216 h of stirring. Bioassay-guided fractionation methods were employed for the isolation of the bioactive metabolites.

Biopesticides from plants: Calceolaria integrifolia s.l.

The effects of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) on humans and biodiversity are multiple and varied. Nowadays environmentally-friendly pesticides are strongly preferred to POPs. It is noteworthy that the crop protection role of pesticides and other techniques, i.

Antimicrobial activity of submerged cultures of Chilean basidiomycetes.

This study is part of a screening program aimed at searching for bioactive metabolites from Chilean basidiomycetes. Submerged cultivation of fungal mycelia in liquid media was evaluated for antimicrobial activity. A total of 148 strains were obtained in vitro.

Antifungal and antibacterial activities of Araucaria araucana (Mol.) K. Koch heartwood lignans.

Five lignans (secoisolariciresinol, pinoresinol, eudesmin, lariciresinol, and lariciresinol-4-methyl ether) were isolated from an MeOH extract from Araucaria araucana (Mol.) K. Koch wood for the first time in this species and their structures determined with spectroscopic methods.

Favolon B, a new triterpenoid isolated from the Chilean Mycena sp. strain 96180.

A new biologically active triterpenoid, favolon B (1), was isolated from fermentation broths of Mycena sp. strain 96180. Favolon B showed antifungal activities towards Botrytis cinerea, Mucor miehei, Paecilomyces variotii and Penicillium notatum.

New caffeic acid esters from Plazia daphnoides.

Two new 3,4 dihydroxycinnamic acid esters have been isolated from Plazia daphnoides. The structures were elucidated by NMR spectroscopy.

The himanimides, new bioactive compounds from Serpula himantoides (Fr.) Karst.

In a screening of basidiomycete cultures from Chile for the production of antibiotics we identified a Serpula himantoides strain as a producer of metabolites inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Bioactivity guided purification resulted in the isolation of four new antibiotics. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods.