Tracheostomy Duration Is a Key Predictor of Persistent Tracheocutaneous Fistulas in Children.

Introduction Pediatric tracheostomy is a surgical procedure that secures the airway in children with upper airway obstruction or those in need of pulmonary support. Persistent tracheocutaneous fistula is a potential sequela that can occur after the decannulation process. Objectives To evaluate the frequency and risk factors that lead to a persistent tracheocutaneous fistula.

[The spatiotemporal diffusion of measles: an intra-urban analysis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil].

This study aimed to analyze the profile of measles cases in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 2007 to 2021 and to describe their diffusion and cluster formation in epidemic years. Neighborhoods were considered as the units of this ecological study. A bivariate analysis of socioeconomic and epidemiological variables was conducted according to previous vaccination and hospitalization.

Rigid Esophagoscopy for Foreign Body Extraction: Results and Complications in the Endoscopic Era.

Introduction Rigid esophagoscopy (RE) has long been a part of otolaryngology practice. In the past decades, the procedure was less commonly performed due to the advances and availability of flexible endoscopic techniques. This study aims to describe the outcomes of RE performed to treat foreign body ingestion and to evaluate risk factors associated with postoperative complications.

Vertical dorsal rhinotomy in pediatric nasal dermoid surgery.

Introduction And Objectives: Nasal dermoids are uncommon midline congenital lesions in the nose, usually diagnosed in the first years of life. Imaging is mandatory to evaluate local and intracranial extension and treatment consists in surgical excision. This study aims to review the experience of the department in managing pediatric nasal dermoids using a dorsal rhinotomy surgical approach.

[Identification of risk areas and factors associated with the 2019 measles epidemic in the State of São Paulo, Brazil].

This study aimed to analyze the occurrence of clusters and factors associated with the resurgence of measles cases from the largest epidemic of the post-elimination period in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, in 2019. Sociosanitary and care factors were analyzed by zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) and ZIP models with structured and unstructured spatial effect. The SCAN statistic was used to analyze the occurrence of case clusters.

Allergic Rhinitis Seasonality, Severity, and Disease Control Influence Anxiety and Depression.

Objectives: Allergic rhinitis (AR) has been associated with anxiety and depression. A possible influence of frequency and intensity of the AR symptoms has remained unclear. Therefore, we evaluated the association between AR, as well as its control, seasonality and severity, and the presence of anxiety and depression.

Use of glucocorticoids and azithromycin in the therapy of COVID-19.

In December 2019, a new variant coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, emerged in China, which was initially described as a pneumonia of an unknown agent. The new coronavirus spreads mainly by person-to-person transmission through close contact. The pathophysiology of COVID-19 is related to a complex immune system response that varies between people and, in severe cases of the disease, is characterized by excessive responses called "cytokine storms," which are associated with complications that can lead to a state of hypercoagulation and death.

Subannular Tubes in Children With Cleft Palate.

Objective: To investigate subannular tube (SAT) placement as an alternative treatment of chronic middle ear disease in children with cleft palate.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Participants: All children with cleft palate with intractable otitis media with effusion and/or with tympanic membrane retraction, operated for insertion of 1 or more sets of transtympanic tubes followed by SAT in a tertiary center.

Tuberculosis as a marker of inequities in the context of socio-spatial transformation.

Objective: This study aims to analyze the association between the incidence of tuberculosis and different socioeconomic indicators in a territory of intense transformation of the urban space.

Methods: This is an ecological study, whose analysis units were the neighborhoods of the city of Itaboraí, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The data have been analyzed by generalized linear models.

Statins prevent cognitive impairment after sepsis by reverting neuroinflammation, and microcirculatory/endothelial dysfunction.

Acute brain dysfunction is a frequent condition in sepsis patients and is associated with increased mortality and long-term neurocognitive consequences. Impaired memory and executive function are common findings in sepsis survivors. Although neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier dysfunction have been associated with acute brain dysfunction and its consequences, no specific treatments are available that prevent cognitive impairment after sepsis.

Occurrence of severe dengue in Rio de Janeiro: an ecological study.

Introduction: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the incidence of severe dengue during the 2008 epidemic in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and socioeconomic indicators, as well as indicators of health service availability and previous circulation of the dengue virus serotype-3 (DENV-3).

Methods: In this ecological study, the units of analysis were the districts of Rio de Janeiro. The data were incorporated into generalized linear models, and the incidence of severe dengue in each district was the outcome variable.

Musculoskeletal disorders among Brazilian dentists.

Dentists are exposed to several occupational risks. This study aimed at comparing the prevalence of referred morbidity among Brazilian dentists with that reported by doctors, lawyers, and the general population. Data on referred morbidity were obtained from the Brazilian Household Survey.

Esophageal cancer among Brazilian agricultural workers: case-control study based on death certificates.

Several studies suggest that agricultural workers are at higher risk to develop and die by certain types of cancer. Esophageal cancer is not commonly listed among these types. However, some recent studies indicated that if there is an association between agricultural working and esophageal cancer, it s more likely to be observed among workers highly exposed to pesticides.