Antihypertensive Effect of New Agonist of Adenosine Receptor in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.

Background: Systemic arterial hypertension is a risk factor for cardiac, renal, and metabolic dysfunction. The search for new strategies to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases led to the synthesis of new N-acylhydrazones to produce antihypertensive effect. Adenosine receptors are an alternative target to reduce blood pressure because of their vasodilatory action and antioxidant properties, which may reduce oxidative stress characteristic of systemic arterial hypertension.

Long-term acute infections during a bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) outbreak in dairy farm from Galicia (NW Spain).

An observational study describes an outbreak of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in a dairy herd in Spain. The herd was subjected to a voluntary control program. In a sampling carried out in June 2020, bulk tank milk antibody levels increased compared to the previous sampling.

Cryptosporidium diagnosis in different groups of children and characterization of parasite species.

Background: Microscopy and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are routinely used for Cryptosporidium diagnosis, without differentiating the parasite species.

Methods: Children's feces were analyzed by modified Ziehl-Neelsen (mZN) and ELISA for Cryptosporidium diagnosis and by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism for species identification.

Results: Cryptosporidium frequency was 2.

Illustrated booklet of Brazilian sign language for dentistry.

Aims: This manuscript aimed to produce an illustrated booklet of Brazilian sign language (LIBRAS) booklet to facilitate the communication between dentists (and academics) and deaf patients during dental treatment and other healthcare promotion activities.

Methods And Results: A literature review was conducted to select signs, symptoms, and diseases related to dentistry expressed in LIBRAS; in addition, photographs were taken to illustrate and produce the booklet. The booklet (in PDF format) was made available on an open-access website and printed copies were freely distributed at the dental clinics of the Federal University of Pará.

Effect of S-Se Bioisosteric Exchange on Affinity and Intrinsic Efficacy of Novel -acylhydrazone Derivatives at the Adenosine A Receptor.

In this work, we evaluated the conformational effect promoted by the isosteric exchange of sulfur by selenium in the heteroaromatic ring of new -acylhydrazone (NAH) derivatives (-, , ), analogues of the cardioactive compounds LASSBio-294 () and LASSBio-785 (). NMR spectra analysis demonstrated a chemical shift variation of the iminic C of NAH S/Se-isosters, suggesting a stronger intramolecular chalcogen interaction for Se-derivatives. To investigate the pharmacological profile of these compounds at the adenosine A receptor (AR), we performed a previously validated functional binding assay.

Lemongrass and cinnamon oil nanoemulsions: Formulation and study of their physical stability and activity against .

The optimal conditions for elaborating oil/water nanoemulsions of lemongrass (LG), cinnamon bark (CB) and cinnamon leaves (CL) essential oils and their antimicrobial activity against at pH 4.00 were studied. The effect of the emulsification methodology on the physical stability and antimicrobial activity of the nanoemulsions were also evaluated.

Bioisosteric Replacement of Arylamide-Linked Spine Residues with -Acylhydrazones and Selenophenes as a Design Strategy to Novel Dibenzosuberone Derivatives as Type I 1/2 p38α MAP Kinase Inhibitors.

The recent disclosure of type I 1/2 inhibitors for p38α MAPK demonstrated how the stabilization of the R-spine can be used as a strategy to greatly increase the target residence time (TRT) of inhibitors. Herein, for the first time, we describe -acylhydrazone and selenophene residues as spine motifs, yielding metabolically stable inhibitors with high potency on enzymatic, NanoBRET, and whole blood assays, improved metabolic stability, and prolonged TRT.

Should the Vancomycin Minimal Inhibitory Concentration be used as an Infant Critical Care Regular Criteria?

Background: Vancomycin is the first-line antibiotic used for the treatment of staphylococcal infections. Because of its narrow therapeutic window and the pharmacokinetics variability, vancomycin trough serum concentration should be monitored. However, due to the increased cases of staphylococcus' commensal species infections and the case of vancomycin resistance, the minimal inhibitory concentration should be considered on antimicrobial therapy.

Integrating the control of helminths in dairy cattle: Deworming, rotational grazing and nutritional pellets with parasiticide fungi.

Thirty-two Friesian cattle under a leaders/followers four-day rotation and passing eggs of trematodes and gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) were studied in two trials for the integrated control of these helminths over two years. In the first trial, the effect of rotational pasturing was assessed on a group of leaders (milking cows, G-L1) and followers (dried-off cows and heifers, G-F1) supplemented daily with commercial nutritional pellets. In the second trial, leaders (G-L2) and followers (G-F2) were maintained under a rotational pasturing regime; the cows received daily commercial pelleted feed and heifers pellets manufactured with a blend of parasiticide fungi (3 × 10 chlamydospores of both Mucor circinelloides and Duddingtonia flagrans/kg pellet).

Chemical Intuition in Drug Design and Discovery.

The medicinal chemist plays the most important role in drug design, discovery and development. The primary goal is to discover leads and optimize them to develop clinically useful drug candidates. This process requires the medicinal chemist to deal with large sets of data containing chemical descriptors, pharmacological data, pharmacokinetics parameters, and in silico predictions.

Liver-related events and mortality among elderly patients with advanced chronic hepatitis C treated with direct-acting antivirals.

Background: Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) are effective in patients aged ≥65 years. However, little is known about the effects of DAAs on survival, liver decompensation and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Objective: To compare the incidence of liver-related events and mortality between patients aged ≥65 and <65 years.

Vancomycin Therapeutic Regime Adjustment in Newborns and Infants with Bacterial Infection: Case Series.

Background: Vancomycin is used mostly to overcome infections caused by methicillinresistant microorganisms. There are no well-established administration protocols for neonates and infants, so the leak of a specific administration regime in that population may lead to serum concentrations beyond the specified range.

Objective: This case series evaluated the pharmacokinetics adjustment from a vancomycin therapeutic regimen prescribed to neonates and infants with bacterial infection at a neonatal public hospital intensive- care-unit, with the primary purpose to verify cases of nephrotoxicity.

Short article: Viral dynamics among hepatitis C virus chronic infected patients during direct-acting antiviral agents therapy: impact for monitoring and optimizing treatment duration.

Objectives: Direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) have provided an ultimate treatment duration of 12 weeks for most hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients. The opportunity to reduce treatment duration to 6 or 8 weeks is being evaluated. Here, the HCV viral dynamics at short times during HCV therapies and its implications for monitoring and optimizing treatment duration have been assessed.

Real life experience with direct-acting antivirals agents against hepatitis C infection in elderly patients.

Background: New direct-acting antivirals agents (DAAs) are very safe and well tolerated.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyse the efficacy and safety of DAAs in elderly patients, who have co-morbidities and are on chronic medications.

Study Design: All HCV-infected patients over 65 years old in clinical follow-up at two Hospitals in Spain who initiated anti-HCV therapy were included (August 2012-October 2015).

Effect of the Filamentous Fungus Mucor circinelloides On The Development of Eggs of the Rumen Fluke Calicophoron daubneyi (Paramphistomidae).

Ruminants infected by Paramphistomidae flukes shed eggs in the feces, which pass through different stages in the environment until the infective stages (metacercariae) are reached. The activity of the soil fungus Mucor circinelloides on the development of eggs of the rumen fluke Calicophoron daubneyi was presently tested with 3 probes, i.e.

Feeding horses with industrially manufactured pellets with fungal spores to promote nematode integrated control.

The usefulness of pellets industrially manufactured with spores of parasiticide fungi as a contribution to integrated nematode control was assessed in grazing horses throughout sixteen months. Two groups of 7 Pura Raza Galega autochthonous horses (G-T and G-P) were dewormed pour-on (1mg Ivermectin/kg bw) at the beginning of the trial, and other group (G-C) remained untreated. The G-P was provided daily with commercial pellets to which was added a mixture of fungal spores during the industrial manufacturing (2×10 spores of Mucor circinelloides and same dose of Duddingtonia flagrans/kg), and G-T and G-C received pellets without spores.

Trends in hospital admissions, re-admissions, and in-hospital mortality among HIV-infected patients between 1993 and 2013: Impact of hepatitis C co-infection.

Background: New patterns in epidemiological characteristics of people living with HIV infection (PLWH) and the introduction of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) have changed the profile of hospital admissions in this population. The aim of this study was to evaluate trends in hospital admissions, re-admissions, and mortality rates in HIV patients and to analyze the role of HCV co-infection.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study conducted on all hospital admissions of HIV patients between 1993 and 2013.

Brief Report: European Mitochondrial Haplogroups Impact on Liver Fibrosis Progression Among HCV and HIV/HCV-Coinfected Patients From Northwest Spain.

The impact of mitochondrial DNA haplogroups on the outcome of liver fibrosis was evaluated in 362 hepatitis C virus infection (HCV)-monoinfected and HIV/HCV-coinfected patients (147 and 215, respectively) in clinical follow-up at 2 reference hospitals in the Northwest of Spain. The mitochondrial DNA haplogroup H was the most prevalent (50.3%) in this population.

Long-term clinical experience with darunavir (2007-2015) in a large cohort of HIV-infected patients in Spain.

The clinical experience with the protease inhibitor darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/r) was retrospectively evaluated in a cohort of 173 HIV+ patients who initiated antiretroviral treatment including DRV/r (period 2007-2015). The 43.2% had a CD4 nadir ≤100 cells/mm , 64.

Any impact of blips and low-level viraemia episodes among HIV-infected patients with sustained virological suppression on ART?

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of blips and risk of virological failure (VF) among HIV-infected patients with sustained virological suppression (HIV-RNA <50 copies/mL) on ART.

Methods: Newly diagnosed (2004-13) HIV-infected patients with sustained virological suppression on ART (minimum follow-up of 3 months) were identified. Risk of VF was evaluated according to different plasma HIV-RNA quantification values based on the limits of quantification/detection of current commercial assays (20 copies/mL).

Liver toxicity and risk of discontinuation in HIV/hepatitis C virus-coinfected patients receiving an etravirine-containing antiretroviral regimen: influence of liver fibrosis.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to establish the risk of liver toxicity in HIV/hepatitis C virus (HCV)-coinfected patients receiving etravirine, according to the degree of liver fibrosis.

Methods: A prospective cohort study of 211 HIV-infected patients initiating an etravirine-containing regimen was carried out. HCV coinfection was defined as a positive HCV RNA test, and baseline liver fibrosis was assessed by transient elastography.

Trends on epidemiological, virological, and clinical features among newly diagnosed HIV-1 persons in Northwest Spain over the last 10 years.

To describe temporal trend and characteristics of newly HIV-diagnosed patients in a medical care area in Northwest Spain over the last 10 years. All newly diagnosed patients for HIV-infection from 2004 to 2013 at a reference medical care area in Northwest of Spain were identified. Epidemiological, virological, immunological, and clinical data, as well as HIV genotype and drug resistance information were recorded.

Molecular characterization of HIV-1 infection in Northwest Spain (2009-2013): Investigation of the subtype F outbreak.

Background: HIV-1 subtype B is the predominant one in European regions several, while other subtypes and recombinants are also circulating with high prevalence. A sub-epidemic of subtype F with specific characteristics and low response to treatment has been recently identified in Galicia. In this study we investigated the characteristics of the HIV-1 subtype F sub-epidemic in A Coruña and Santiago de Compostela in Northwest Spain.