Molecular characterization of Dictyocaulus nematodes in wild red deer Cervus elaphus in two areas of the Italian Alps.

Nematodes of the genus Dictyocaulus are the causative agents of parasitic bronchitis and pneumonia in several domestic and wild ungulates. Various species have been described in wild cervids, as the case of Dictyocaulus cervi in red deer, recently described as a separate species from Dictyocaulus eckerti. In Italy, information on dictyocaulosis in wildlife is limited and often outdated.

[Benign neoplasms of the stomach: personal cases].

After discussing the diagnostic approach to benign tumours of the stomach on the basis of the most valid classifications in literature, the Authors describe the symptoms and frequency of these tumours. They then report 12 personally observed cases, and in particular one case of neurofibroma of the gastric fundus, which was exceptional for localisation, volume and clinical course. They conclude that only open extemporaneous surgical examination can provide confirmation of the benign nature of the neoformation.

[Biliary ileus: personal cases].

After a short review of world literature on the subject, four cases of biliary ileus, all with favourable outcome, are reported. Some considerations on the pathogenesis of occlusion of biliary origin and on its treatment are then set out: such treatment must always be surgical and of emergency type, providing not only for removal of the obstructing calculus, but also for exploration of the whole ileus. Where possible, cholecystectomy and closure of the bilio-digestive fistula should also be performed.