Distinct immune phenotypes in infants developing asthma during childhood.

Early exposure to environmental triggers may elicit trajectories to chronic inflammatory disease through deregulated immune responses. To address relations between early immune competence and development of childhood asthma, we performed functional immune profiling of 186 parameters in blood of 541 18-month-old infants and examined links between their response phenotype and development of transient or persistent disease at 6 years of age. An abnormal neutrophil-linked antiviral response was associated with increased risk of transient asthma.

Role of nocturnal light intensity on adaptation to three consecutive night shifts: a counterbalanced crossover study.

Objectives: To investigate how a standard ceiling mounted light-emitting diode (LED)-based bright light intervention affected alertness and neurobehavioural performance during three consecutive simulated night shifts, and timing of circadian rhythm after the shifts.

Methods: Twenty seven participants (20 females, 21.4±2.

Near infrared analysis of pharmaceutical powders with empirical target distribution optimization (ETDO).

Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a well-established method for analysis of pharmaceutical products, and especially useful for process monitoring and control of continuous production due to high sample throughput. In this work, a previously established method called empirical target distribution optimization (ETDO) wherein reference sample values using information from model prediction of the calibration data was used as a tool to improve the performance of NIR partial least squares (PLS) models. Model performance was assessed using root mean square error (R), bias and accuracy in prediction of test samples.

Assessment of Somatosensory and Psychosocial Function of Patients With Trigeminal Nerve Damage.

Objective: The present study assessed somatosensory changes related to trigeminal nerve damage using extensive evaluation tools and assessed the effect of such damage on the patients' psychosocial status and quality of life compared with healthy participants.

Methods: In 37 patients with intraorally or extraorally presenting trigeminal nerve damage diagnosed as painful or nonpainful posttraumatic trigeminal neuropathy, psychophysical tests like quantitative sensory testing (QST) and qualitative sensory testing and the electrophysiological "nociceptive-specific" blink reflex were performed. The patients and 20 healthy participants completed a set of questionnaires assessing their psychosocial status and quality of life.

Intake of sugar sweetened soft drinks among adolescents: Trends and social inequality in Denmark 2002-2018.

Background: Intake of sugar sweetened soft drinks (SSSD) has decreased among adolescents, but trends in social inequality in SSSD intake are unknown.

Aim: Examine trends in social inequality in SSSD intake among adolescents in Denmark during 2002-2018.

Methods: Five Health Behaviour in School-aged Children surveys with data on SSSD intake and parents' occupational social class (OSC) from nationally representative samples of 11, 13 and 15 year olds, =20,112.

Performance of new crystal cathode pressure gauges for long-pulse operation in the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator.

To improve the reliability of the ASDEX pressure gauges in the plasma vessel of the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator, nine of them were equipped with a LaB crystal electron emitter for the first time. These crystal cathode pressure gauges were operated during the last campaign in 2018 (operation phase 1.2b) with only 2 A heating current for over 40 h in a magnetic field of about 2.

Impact of sex on diabetic nephropathy and the renal transcriptome in UNx db/db C57BLKS mice.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is associated with albuminuria and loss of kidney function and is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Despite evidence of sex-associated differences in the progression of DN in human patients, male mice are predominantly being used in preclinical DN research and drug development. Here, we compared renal changes in male and female uninephrectomized (UNx) db/db C57BLKS mice using immunohistochemistry and RNA sequencing.

Plasmons in ultra-thin gold slabs with quantum spill-out: Fourier modal method, perturbative approach, and analytical model.

We numerically study the effect of the quantum spill-out (QSO) on the plasmon mode indices of an ultra-thin metallic slab, using the Fourier modal method (FMM). To improve the convergence of the FMM results, a novel nonlinear coordinate transformation is suggested and employed. Furthermore, we present a perturbative approach for incorporating the effects of QSO on the plasmon mode indices, which agrees very well with the full numerical results.

Pre-induction checklists and discomfort in patients. An observational study.

Background: Since the WHO release of the Safe Surgery Saves Lives Program in 2008, peri-operative checklists minimise errors and improve patient safety worldwide. Anaesthesia professionals are often reluctant to use these checklists in front of patients because they fear causing patients' discomfort before anaesthesia and surgery.

Objective: To assess and compare the subjective level of patient discomfort caused by the use of pre-induction checklists with the patient discomfort estimated by anaesthesia providers.

THC-influenced drivers in the new Danish 3-level offense system.

The objectives of the study were to describe the distribution of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-influenced drivers in a new Danish 3-level offense system and discuss the consequences of the changed legislation. By request of the police, blood of individuals suspected of driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) in Funen and Southern Jutland was sampled by medical staff and shipped to the Section of Forensic Toxicology of the University of Southern Denmark in Odense. Samples from individuals suspected for driving under the influence of cannabis (DUIC) were stored at 5 °C prior to immediate analysis, and THC content in whole-blood samples was established by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis.

Multiscale Characterization of a Wood-Based Biocrude as a Green Compatibilizing Agent for High-Impact Polystyrene/Halloysite Nanotube Nanocomposites.

This paper investigates merits of using a wood-based biocrude (WB) from aspen wood to improve the compatibility of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) with high-impact polystyrene to develop nanocomposites with desirable thermomechanical properties. Morphological, thermal, and rheological properties of the resulting nanocomposite are used as indicators of the compatibility and dispersion of the modified HNT within the polymer matrix. Computational modeling using density functional theory is used along with laboratory experiments to provide a multiscale characterization of the above biocrude and nanocomposites.

Standardizing the Clinical Orofacial Examination in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: An Interdisciplinary, Consensus-based, Short Screening Protocol.

Objective: To develop a consensus-based, standardized, short (< 3 min) clinical examination protocol to assess the multidimensional, orofacial manifestations of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).

Methods: The study was conducted by a multidisciplinary task force from the Temporomandibular Joint Juvenile Arthritis Working Group (TMJaw). The study used an acknowledged sequential approach involving (1) a global multidisciplinary online questionnaire study, (2) a systematic literature review and consensus meetings to identify items for inclusion, (3) pilot testing of included items, (4) test of reliability in 22 subjects with JIA by 4 examiners, (5) test of construct validity in a case-control study involving 167 subjects, and (6) establishment of final recommendations.

Utilizing cooled liquid chromatography and chemical derivatization to separate and quantify C3-epimers of 25-hydroxy vitamin D and low abundant 1α,25(OH)D3: Application in a pediatric population.

There is need for a single assay able to quantify the most biologically active metabolite, 1α,25-dihydroxy-vitamin-D3, and the recently discovered biologically distinct C3-epimers of 25OHD, in addition to traditional vitamin D metabolites. We developed a method of chromatographic separation and absolute quantification of the following ten forms of vitamin D: 3-epi-25OHD3, 25OHD3, 3-epi-25OHD2, 25OHD2, 1α,25(OH)D3, 24R,25(OH)D3, 23R,25(OH)D3, 1a,25(OH)D2, D3, and D2 by single extraction and injection. Chemical derivatization followed by liquid chromatography using a charged surface hybrid C18 column and subsequent tandem mass spectrometry was utilized to detect and quantify each metabolite.

Predicting Benefit From Evolocumab Therapy in Patients With Atherosclerotic Disease Using a Genetic Risk Score: Results From the FOURIER Trial.

Background: The ability of a genetic risk score to predict risk in established cardiovascular disease and identify individuals who derive greater benefit from PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) inhibition has not been established.

Methods: We studied 14 298 patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease from the FOURIER trial (Further Cardiovascular Outcomes Researh With PCSK9 Inhibition in Subjects With Elevated Risk). A 27-single-nucleotide polymorphism genetic risk score defined low (quintile 1), intermediate (quintiles 2-4), and high (quintile 5) genetic risk.

Interdisciplinary Management of Dentofacial Deformity in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis.

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthritis impacts mandibular growth and development. This can result in skeletal deformity, such as facial asymmetry and/or malocclusion asymmetry. This article reviews the unique properties of TMJ and dentofacial growth and development in the setting of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).

Difficulties falling asleep among adolescents: Social inequality and time trends 1991-2018.

Sleep problems in adolescence are increasingly common, and associated with adverse health and psychological outcomes. Adolescents' sleep problems may be related to the family's socioeconomic status, but studies are few and no study has examined whether social inequality in sleep problems changes as sleep problems become increasingly common. This study examined trends in difficulties falling asleep among adolescents in Denmark, whether this sleep problem was associated with socioeconomic status, and whether this association changed from 1991 to 2018.

Acute Hypercapnia/Ischemia Alters the Esterification of Arachidonic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid Epoxide Metabolites in Rat Brain Neutral Lipids.

In the brain, approximately 90% of oxylipins are esterified to lipids. However, the significance of this esterification process is not known. In the present study, we (1) validated an aminopropyl solid phase extraction (SPE) method for separating esterified lipids using 100 and 500 mg columns and (2) applied the method to quantify the distribution of esterified oxylipins within phospholipids (PL) and neutral lipids (NL) (i.

Genetic Characterization of Myoid Hamartoma of the Breast.

Background/aim: Myoid hamartoma of the breast is a very rare benign lesion of which only a few cases have been reported. The pathogenesis is unknown and nothing is known about its genetic constitution. We report here the genetic characterization of a myoid hamartoma of the breast.

Do Infant Cleft Dimensions Have an Influence on Occlusal Relations? A Subgroup Analysis Within an RCT of Primary Surgery in Patients With Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate.

Aim: To investigate whether infant cleft dimensions, in a surgical protocol with early or delayed hard palate closure, influence occlusion before orthodontics.

Design: Subgroup analysis within a randomized trial of primary surgery (Scandcleft).

Setting: Tertiary health care.

Relation of Lipid-Lowering Therapy to Need for Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients With Asymptomatic Mild to Moderate Aortic Stenosis.

In this study, we aimed to determine if pretreatment low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels and aortic stenosis (AS) severity alter the efficacy of lipid-lowering therapy on reducing aortic valve replacement (AVR). We used 1,687 patients with asymptomatic mild-to-moderate AS, who were randomly assigned (1:1) to 40/10 mg simvastatin/ezetimibe combination versus. placebo in the simvastatin and ezetimibe in aortic stenosis (SEAS) trial.

Infectious diseases detected by screening after arrival to Denmark in internationally adopted children.

Aim: To show the prevalence of selected infectious diseases among internationally adopted children (IAC) in Denmark.

Background: Each year approximately 200 IAC arrive in Denmark. These are at increased risk of infectious diseases rarely seen in Danish children.

Longterm Outcomes of Temporomandibular Joints in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: 17 Years of Followup of a Nordic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Cohort.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of orofacial symptoms, dysfunctions, and deformities of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) 17 years after disease onset.

Methods: Drawn from a prospective, population-based Nordic JIA cohort with disease onset from 1997 to 2000, 420 consecutive cases were eligible for orofacial evaluation of TMJ involvement. The followup visit included demographic data, a standardized clinical orofacial examination, and full-face cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Influence of Infant Cleft Dimensions on Velopharyngeal Function in 5-Year-Old Danish Children Born With Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate.

Aim: To examine the association of cleft severity at infancy and velopharyngeal competence in preschool children with unilateral cleft lip and palate operated with early or delayed hard palate repair.

Design: Subgroup analysis within a multicenter randomized controlled trial of primary surgery (Scandcleft).

Setting: Tertiary health care.