Impact of hyperoxia and phenylephrine on cerebral oxygenation: An experimental clinical study.

Background: Oxygen supply to the brain is of special importance during intracranial surgery because it may be compromised by intracranial pathology. A high arterial blood pressure (mean arterial pressure above 80 mmHg) and a high arterial oxygen tension (PaO above 12 kPa) is therefore often targeted in these patients, when for example intracranial pressure is increased or when a mass effect on brain tissue from a tumour is present, and it is pursued by administering vasopressors such as phenylephrine and by increasing inspiratory oxygen fraction (FiO ). However, whether these interventions increase cerebral oxygenation remains uncertain.

How to optimize the adherence to a guideline-directed medical therapy in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases: a clinical consensus statement from the European Association of Preventive Cardiology.

A key factor to successful secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is optimal patient adherence to treatment. However, unsatisfactory rates of adherence to treatment for CVD risk factors and CVD have been observed consistently over the last few decades. Hence, achieving optimal adherence to lifestyle measures and guideline-directed medical therapy in secondary prevention and rehabilitation is a great challenge to many healthcare professionals.

Clinical significance of clonal hematopoiesis in the setting of autologous stem cell transplantation for lymphoma.

Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) remains a key therapeutic strategy for treating patients with relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin and Hodgkin lymphoma. Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) has been proposed as a major contributor not only to the development of therapy-related myeloid neoplasms but also to inferior overall survival (OS) in patients who had undergone ASCT. Herein, we aimed to investigate the prognostic implications of CH after ASCT in a cohort of 420 lymphoma patients using ultra-deep, highly sensitive error-correction sequencing.

Molecular and cellular architecture of the larval sensory organ in the cnidarian Nematostella vectensis.

Cnidarians are the only non-bilaterian group to evolve ciliated larvae with an apical sensory organ, which is possibly homologous to the apical organs of bilaterian primary larvae. Here, we generated transcriptomes of the apical tissue in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis and showed that it has a unique neuronal signature. By integrating previously published larval single-cell data with our apical transcriptomes, we discovered that the apical domain comprises a minimum of six distinct cell types.

Exclusive breastfeeding: Measurement to match the global recommendation.

The World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) recommend exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for the first 6 months of life. To estimate the proportion of infants that are exclusively breastfed, many agencies use the point prevalence of EBF among infants currently 0-5.9 months of age, as recommended by WHO and UNICEF.

Sex chromosome aneuploidies give rise to changes in the circular RNA profile: A circular transcriptome-wide study of Turner and Klinefelter syndrome across different tissues.

The landscape of circular RNAs (circRNAs), an important class of non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression, has never been described in human disorders of sex chromosome aneuploidies. We profiled circRNAs in Turner syndrome females (45,X; TS) and Klinefelter syndrome males (47,XXY; KS) to investigate how circRNAs respond to a missing or an extra X chromosome. Samples of blood, muscle and fat were collected from individuals with TS ( = 33) and KS ( = 22) and from male ( = 16) and female ( = 44) controls.

Anxiety and depression as risk factors for ICD shocks and mortality in patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator - A systematic review.

Objective: To examine associations between baseline anxiety and depression and occurrence of ICD shocks and risk of mortality in patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD).

Method: We systematically searched EMBASE, PubMed, PsycINFO, and CINAHL for eligible studies fulfilling the predefined criteria.

Results: We included 37 studies based on 25 different cohorts following 35,003 participants for up to seven years.

Butyrate inhibits IL-1β-induced inflammatory gene expression by suppression of NF-κB activity in pancreatic beta cells.

Cytokine-induced beta cell dysfunction is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Chronic exposure of beta cells to inflammatory cytokines affects gene expression and impairs insulin secretion. Thus, identification of anti-inflammatory factors that preserve beta cell function represents an opportunity to prevent or treat T2D.

ADaPTS "(AD)olescents (P)ath through (T)ransplant (S)ickle cell disease".

Background: Sickle cell disease is an inherited chronic hematological disorder with an average lifespan of fifty years. The human cost of sickle cell disease includes missed school days, occupational opportunities, social isolation, stigmatization, and psychological sequelae. Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is the only curative therapy available but comes with potential morbidity and mortality.

The TRPC1 Channel Forms a PI3K/CaM Complex and Regulates Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cell Proliferation in a Ca-Independent Manner.

Dysregulation of the transient receptor canonical ion channel (TRPC1) has been found in several cancer types, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms through which TRPC1 impacts pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cell proliferation are incompletely understood. Here, we found that TRPC1 is upregulated in human PDAC tissue compared to adjacent pancreatic tissue and this higher expression correlates with low overall survival. TRPC1 is, as well, upregulated in the aggressive PDAC cell line PANC-1, compared to a duct-like cell line, and its knockdown (KD) reduced cell proliferation along with PANC-1 3D spheroid growth by arresting cells in the G1/S phase whilst decreasing cyclin A, CDK2, CDK6, and increasing p21 expression.

Change in Adolescents' Perceived ADHD Symptoms Across 17 Days of Ecological Momentary Assessment.

Objective: To test whether adolescents' perceived ADHD symptoms may improve while monitoring them throughout the day.

Method: In a sample of 90 adolescents ( = 14.7; 66% boys, 34% girls; 76.

Detection of methylated BCAT1 and IKZF1 after curative-intent treatment as a prognostic indicator for colorectal cancer recurrence.

Background: The risk of recurrence after completion of curative-intent treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) is hard to predict. Post-treatment assaying for circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is an encouraging approach for stratifying patients for therapy, but the prognostic value of this approach is less explored. This study aimed to determine if detection of methylated BCAT1 and IKZF1 following completion of initial treatment identified patients with a poorer recurrence-free survival (RFS).

Case series of family-based treatment for restrictive-type eating disorders and comorbid autism: What can we learn? A brief report.

Objective: Autism is more prevalent among persons with Restrictive type eating disorders (R-ED) compared to the general population and is associated with poorer outcomes across treatment modalities. Knowledge is sparse with regard to whether poorer outcomes are also associated with Family-based treatment (FBT), which is recommended as the first choice of treatment for young persons (YPs) with R-ED. This case series compares outcome between groups with and without autism in a large consecutive series of YPs with R-ED treated with FBT.

Psychological distress is independently related to new coronary events at 8 years' follow-up in elderly primary care patients with hypertension.

Objective: Occurrence of psychological distress in hypertensive patients could have a negative synergistic effect on future cardiovascular events (CVEs). The aim of this study was to determine the association between anxiety or depressive symptoms in elderly hypertensive primary care patients and the development of new CVEs and all-cause mortality.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted in five Dutch general practices between June 2010 and January 2012.

Genome-wide decrease in DNA methylation in adults with epilepsy treated with modified ketogenic diet: A prospective study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the modified ketogenic diet on DNA methylation in adults with epilepsy.

Methods: In this prospective study, we investigated the genome-wide DNA methylation in whole blood in 58 adults with epilepsy treated with the modified ketogenic for 12 weeks. Patients were recruited from the National Center for Epilepsy, Norway, from March 1, 2011 to February 28, 2017.

Implications of Gut Microbiota in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Cancer Progression: A Concise Review.

Advancement in the development of molecular sequencing platforms has identified infectious bacteria or viruses that trigger the dysregulation of a set of genes inducing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) event. EMT is essential for embryogenesis, wound repair, and organ development; meanwhile, during carcinogenesis, initiation of the EMT can promote cancer progression and metastasis. Recent studies have reported that interactions between the host and dysbiotic microbiota in different tissues and organs, such as the oral and nasal cavities, esophagus, stomach, gut, skin, and the reproductive tract, may provoke EMT.

Extracellular matrix protein turnover markers are associated with axial spondyloarthritis-a comparison with postpartum women and other non-axial spondyloarthritis controls with or without back pain.

Background: Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a common chronic inflammatory disease, associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling of the cartilage, bone, and connective tissues. The primary symptom of axSpA is back pain, caused by inflammation. However, there is a medical need to truly identify patients with axSpA from other subjects with buttock or low back pain attributable to other reasons.

Vocal Outcome After Cordectomy by Transoral CO Laser Microsurgery in Patients With Laryngeal Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Non-neoplastic Lesions.

Objectives: This study investigates vocal outcome after cordectomy by transoral CO laser microsurgery (TLM-cordectomy) in patients with laryngeal intra-epithelial neoplasia (LIN) or non-neoplastic lesions (NNL), for improved individual patient advice and potential adjustment of national treatment strategy by which patients suspected to have glottic LIN or T1a cancer are offered TLM-cordectomy, without prior biopsy.

Study Design: Prospective, longitudinal, quasi-experimental time series.

Methods: Consecutively included patients (n = 155) with LIN (n = 84) or NNL (n = 71) who underwent voice assessments before and after TLM-cordectomy.

Inhibition of a Chromatin and Transcription Modulator, SLTM, Increases HIV-1 Reactivation Identified by a CRISPR Inhibition Screen.

Despite effective antiretroviral therapy, HIV-1 persistence in latent reservoirs remains a major obstacle to a cure. We postulate that HIV-1 silencing factors suppress HIV-1 reactivation and that inhibition of these factors will increase HIV-1 reactivation. To identify HIV-1 silencing factors, we conducted a genome-wide CRISPR inhibition (CRISPRi) screen using four CRISPRi-ready, HIV-1-d6-GFP-infected Jurkat T cell clones with distinct integration sites.

Restriction of Intravenous Fluid in ICU Patients with Septic Shock.

Background: Intravenous fluids are recommended for the treatment of patients who are in septic shock, but higher fluid volumes have been associated with harm in patients who are in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods: In this international, randomized trial, we assigned patients with septic shock in the ICU who had received at least 1 liter of intravenous fluid to receive restricted intravenous fluid or standard intravenous fluid therapy; patients were included if the onset of shock had been within 12 hours before screening. The primary outcome was death from any cause within 90 days after randomization.

MR-proANP measured at admission is associated with incident atrial fibrillation in STEMI patients.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is common following ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Increased blood levels of mid regional pro atrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP) have been associated with a greater risk of incident AF. However, knowledge of the value of MR-proANP in predicting incident AF after STEMI is sparse.

MRI lesions of the spine in patients with axial spondyloarthritis: an update of lesion definitions and validation by the ASAS MRI working group.

Objectives: Spinal MRI is used to visualise lesions associated with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). The ASAS MRI working group (WG) updated and validated the definitions for inflammatory and structural spinal lesions in the context of axSpA.

Methods: After review of the existing literature on all possible types of spinal MRI pathologies in axSpA, the group (12 rheumatologists and two radiologists) consented on the required revisions of lesion definitions compared with the existing nomenclature of 2012.