Does semaglutide reduce alcohol intake in Danish patients with alcohol use disorder and comorbid obesity? Trial protocol of a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial (the SEMALCO trial).

Introduction: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a massive burden for the individual, relatives and society. Despite this, the treatment gap is wide compared with other mental health disorders. Treatment options are sparse, with only three Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved pharmacotherapies.

The microalgal sector in Europe: towards a sustainable bioeconomy.

Microalgae are a diverse group of photosynthetic microorganisms that can be exploited to produce sustainable food and feed products, alleviate environmental pollution, or sequester CO to mitigate climate change, among other uses. To optimize resource use and integrate industrial waste streams, it is essential to consider factors such as the biology and cultivation parameters of the microalgal species and strains, as well as the cultivation system and processing technologies employed. This paper reviews the main commercial applications of microalgae (including cyanobacteria) and examines the biological and biotechnological aspects critical to the sustainable processing of microalgal biomass and its derived compounds.

Wood and Cellulose: the Most Sustainable Advanced Materials for Past, Present, and Future Civilizations.

Wood, with its constituent building block cellulose, is by far the most common biomaterial on the planet and has been the most important material used by humans to establish civilization. If there is one single biomaterial that should be studied and used by materials scientists across disciplines to achieve a sustainable future, it is cellulose. This perspective provides insights for the general materials science community about the unique properties of wood and cellulose and how they may be used in advanced sustainable materials to make a substantial societal impact.

Comprehensive genomic characterization of early-stage bladder cancer.

Understanding the molecular landscape of nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is essential to improve risk assessment and treatment regimens. We performed a comprehensive genomic analysis of patients with NMIBC using whole-exome sequencing (n = 438), shallow whole-genome sequencing (n = 362) and total RNA sequencing (n = 414). A large genomic variation within NMIBC was observed and correlated with different molecular subtypes.

Muscle Contractility in Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis.

Introduction/aims: Primary hypokalemic periodic paralysis (HypoPP) can present with periodic paralysis and/or permanent muscle weakness. Permanent weakness is accompanied by fat replacement of the muscle. It is unknown whether the permanent muscle weakness is solely due to fat replacement or if other factors affect the ability of the remaining muscle fibers to contract.

Cryospray reduces pain during venous cannulation in elective surgery patients: a randomized placebo-controlled study.

Background: Venous cannulation is widely used in healthcare systems, and for many patients, it is painful and distressing. We hypothesized that the rapid onset of cryospray use would reduce pain from venous cannulation compared to the use of a placebo spray.

Methods: The trial was a prospective randomized placebo-controlled trial including 130 adult patients scheduled for elective surgery.

Targeted nanoliposomes to improve enzyme replacement therapy of Fabry disease.

The central nervous system represents a major target tissue for therapeutic approach of numerous lysosomal storage disorders. Fabry disease arises from the lack or dysfunction of the lysosomal alpha-galactosidase A (GLA) enzyme, resulting in substrate accumulation and multisystemic clinical manifestations. Current enzyme replacement therapies (ERTs) face limited effectiveness due to poor enzyme biodistribution in target tissues and inability to reach the brain.

An Alkyne-Containing Isoprenoid Analogue Based on a Farnesyl Diphosphate Scaffold Is a Biologically Functional Universal Probe for Proteomic Analysis.

Prenylation consists of the modification of proteins with either farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) or geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) at a cysteine near the C-terminus of target proteins to generate thioether-linked lipidated proteins. In recent work, metabolic labeling with alkyne-containing isoprenoid analogues including C15AlkOPP has been used to identify prenylated proteins and track their levels in different diseases. Here, a systematic study of the impact of isoprenoid length on proteins labeled with these probes was performed.

Success rates of decolonisation treatment and risk factors for chronic carriage in methicillin-resistant throat carriers: a retrospective population-based cohort study.

Background: Throat carriage of methicillin-resistant (MRSA) has previously been associated with lower decolonisation treatment success rates.

Objectives: To characterise decolonisation treatment and outcome in Danish MRSA throat carriers.

Methods: This retrospective population-based cohort study included MRSA throat carriers between July, 2018 and June, 2019, in the Capital Region of Denmark.

Fecal microbial load is a major determinant of gut microbiome variation and a confounder for disease associations.

The microbiota in individual habitats differ in both relative composition and absolute abundance. While sequencing approaches determine the relative abundances of taxa and genes, they do not provide information on their absolute abundances. Here, we developed a machine-learning approach to predict fecal microbial loads (microbial cells per gram) solely from relative abundance data.

Modeling and experimental characterization of two-wave mixing in Yb-doped fiber amplifiers.

Two-wave mixing between forward- and backward-propagating signal light has recently been observed in frequency-modulated single-frequency fiber laser systems. The phenomenon is a potential limiting factor for power scaling of such frequency-tunable lasers. In this contribution, we derive a perturbative coupled-mode theory for two signals that counter-propagate in an Yb-doped fiber with a constant frequency detuning.

Mapping the Hydrogeological Structure of a Small Danish Island Using Transient Electromagnetic Methods.

Small island communities often rely on groundwater as their primary source of fresh water. However, the limited land area and high proportion of coastal zones pose unique challenges to groundwater management. A detailed understanding of the subsurface structure can provide valuable insights into aquifer structure, groundwater vulnerability, saltwater intrusion, and the location of water resources.

Interdisciplinary and Collaborative Training in Neuroscience: Insights from the Human Brain Project Education Programme.

Neuroscience education is challenged by rapidly evolving technology and the development of interdisciplinary approaches for brain research. The Human Brain Project (HBP) Education Programme aimed to address the need for interdisciplinary expertise in brain research by equipping a new generation of researchers with skills across neuroscience, medicine, and information technology. Over its ten year duration, the programme engaged over 1,300 experts and attracted more than 5,500 participants from various scientific disciplines in its blended learning curriculum, specialised schools and workshops, and events fostering dialogue among early-career researchers.

Intensity and enjoyment of play-based HIIT in children and adolescents with obesity.

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been suggested as an effective treatment approach of childhood obesity. The objective of the present study was to examine intensity, enjoyment, and perceived exertion of a 4x4-minute play-based HIIT program for children and adolescents with obesity. 83 participants (42.

Development of a Porcine Model of Arteriovenous Fistula Venous Stenosis Treated with Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty.

Purpose: To develop a porcine model for arteriovenous fistula (AVF) venous stenosis (VS) treated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA), and to compare outcomes of plain ordinary balloon angioplasty (POBA) to paclitaxel drug-coated balloon (DCB) angioplasty.

Materials And Methods: Twelve castrated male Yorkshire pigs (4-5 months, 35-45 kg) underwent renal artery embolization to induce chronic kidney disease (CKD). Twenty-eight days later, AVF was created by anastomosing the left external jugular vein to left common carotid artery.

Inter-laboratory comparison of real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) for the detection of chronic wasting disease prions in white-tailed deer retropharyngeal lymph nodes.

The rapid geographic spread of chronic wasting disease (CWD) in white-tailed deer (WTD; ) increases the need for the development and validation of new detection tests. Real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) has emerged as a sensitive tool for CWD prion detection, but federal approval in the United States has been challenged by practical constraints on validation and uncertainty surrounding RT-QuIC robustness between laboratories. To evaluate the effect of inter-laboratory variation on CWD prion detection using RT-QuIC, we conducted a multi-institution comparison on a shared anonymized sample set.

Neuromorphic intermediate representation: A unified instruction set for interoperable brain-inspired computing.

Spiking neural networks and neuromorphic hardware platforms that simulate neuronal dynamics are getting wide attention and are being applied to many relevant problems using Machine Learning. Despite a well-established mathematical foundation for neural dynamics, there exists numerous software and hardware solutions and stacks whose variability makes it difficult to reproduce findings. Here, we establish a common reference frame for computations in digital neuromorphic systems, titled Neuromorphic Intermediate Representation (NIR).

Insight into protein crosslinking and casein polymerization in pre- and posthydrolyzed lactose-free ultra-high-temperature milk during long-term storage.

During processing and storage of both conventional and lactose-hydrolyzed UHT milk (LHM), aggregation of milk proteins occurs. Protein aggregation can inter alia occur via nonreducible covalent cross-links derived from either Maillard or dehydroalanine (DHA) pathways. To study this further in relation to processing method and lactase enzyme purity, LHM was produced using 3 different lactase preparations, with lactase enzymes added in a dairy setting either before (prehydrolysis) or after (posthydrolysis) UHT treatment.

Mosaic loss of Y chromosome and the association to mortality in Danish men aged 56-100 years.

Mosaic loss of the Y chromosome (mLOY) is a common somatic mutation in the blood of elderly men and several studies have found mLOY in blood cells to be associated with an increased risk of various diseases and mortality. However, most of these studies have focused on middle-aged and older adults, meaning that mLOY in extremely old individuals like centenarians is understudied. To explore mLOY across a wider age range compared to earlier studies and to specifically focus on centenarians, mLOY was estimated in 917 Danish men aged 56-100 years.

Contaminant mass discharge estimation of a sulfonamide plume by use of hydraulic profiling tool (HPT) and fluorescence techniques.

The contaminant mass discharge is a relevant metric to evaluate the risk that a groundwater plume poses to water resources. However, this assessment is often vitiated by a high uncertainty inherent to the assessment method and often limited number of measurement points to carry out the assessment. Direct-Push techniques in combination with profiling tools and dedicated sampling can be an interesting alternative to increase the measurement point density and hence reduce the mass discharge uncertainty.

Passive Viscous Flow Selection via Fluid-Induced Buckling.

We study the buckling of a clamped beam immersed in a creeping flow within a rectangular channel. Via a combination of precision experiments, simulations, and theoretical modeling, we show how the instability depends on a pressure feedback mechanism and rationalize it in terms of dimensionless parameters. As the beam can bend until touching the wall above a critical flow rate, we finally demonstrate how the system can be used as a tunable passive flow selector, effectively redirecting the flow within a designed hydraulic circuit.

A direct comparison of a next generation hyperspectral camera to state-of-the-art.

Hyperspectral camera technology is advancing rapidly, and this paper seeks to compare a state-of-the-art industrial dual-camera setup to a single-camera system employing the latest chip technology (IMX990 from Sony). The hyperspectral cameras are compared over both the Visual and Short-Wave Infrared range (400-1700 nm) of the electromagnet spectrum. The spectral range and resolution, as well as spatial parameters and spectroscopic information are quantified with comparable optics, electronics, and test targets.

The impact of injuries on sports-related analgesic use in Danish youth elite athletes: A 4-week prospective cohort study.

Objectives: Investigate the association between injury severity and sports-related analgesic use, and explore the types and reasons for analgesic use in Danish youth elite athletes.

Design: 4-week prospective cohort study.

Methods: 713 youth elite athletes (44 % female) aged 15-20 years provided information on demographics, sports specific questions, and injury severity.