Machine learning-based test smell detection.

Test smells are symptoms of sub-optimal design choices adopted when developing test cases. Previous studies have proved their harmfulness for test code maintainability and effectiveness. Therefore, researchers have been proposing automated, heuristic-based techniques to detect them.

On the adequacy of static analysis warnings with respect to code smell prediction.

Code smells are poor implementation choices that developers apply while evolving source code and that affect program maintainability. Multiple automated code smell detectors have been proposed: while most of them relied on heuristics applied over software metrics, a recent trend concerns the definition of machine learning techniques. However, machine learning-based code smell detectors still suffer from low accuracy: one of the causes is the lack of adequate features to feed machine learners.

[Classification of acetabular fractures].

Morphologic classification of fractures, however analytical they may be, is not sufficient to give precise indications as to the most adequate management decision for the various types of fractures of the acetabulum. The authors therefore find it necessary to typify these fractures on the basis of some anatomical and radiographic elements that may cause the prognosis to vary from case to case even in the same type of fracture. Two of the most important typifying factors are: articular congruity and the damage to the weight-bearing dome.

Congenital hip dysplasia treated by the Salter osteotomy. Long-term review of 18 patients.

Between 1965 and 1974 at the Orthopaedic Clinic of the University of Perugia, 20 osteotomies of the innominate bone were performed on 18 patients aged between 18 months and 10 years. All the patients were followed up for 10 to 19 years (average 15 years) after operation. The results were evaluated both clinically and radiographically (according to the Severin and MacFarland methods).

Fractures of the acetabulum: conservative treatment and results.

The treatment of fractures of the acetabulum is still a controversial subject. There has in recent years been a tendency towards surgical rather than conservative treatment but more recently it has been observed that the long-term results of both types of treatment are not dissimilar. The classification of these fractures is important in relation to both conservative and surgical treatment.

Ulnar nerve compression at the elbow level.

The long-term results are reported (average 9 years) of anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve into a muscular groove in the treatment of ulnar nerve compression at the elbow level. The series of 27 elbows consisted mostly of patients with muscle deficit. The results were examined in relation to the preoperative duration of symptoms, particularly weakness and wasting of muscles, and were satisfactory in 78% of cases in that recovery of the muscle deficit was either complete or showed marked improvement.

Congenital ocular and other systemic abnormalities associated with ring-11 chromosome.

The ocular and systemic abnormalities in a boy with ring chromosome 11 [46, XY/46, XY, r(11) (p 15.5----q25] are described. The ocular anomalies consisted of bilateral hypermetropia, microcornea, anterior chamber cleavage syndrome with prominent Wölfflin nodes, and cartwheel configuration of the anterior iris leaf.

Stable fixation of fractures of the forearm in adults.

The results are presented of 148 fractures of the radius and ulna in 89 patients. All were treated by AO compression plating. The results were assessed at an average of 4.

Changes in respiratory function in disorders of the thoracic cage. With special reference to the ventilatory mechanism and the regulation in scoliosis.

After describing the clinical and functional effects of pathological changes in the thoracic cage ("mechanical syndrome" and "neuromuscular syndrome"), the authors discuss the disorders of respiratory function observed in a group of patients with poliomyelitic scoliosis. The aim was to establish the type and nature of these changes with a view to clarifying certain pathogenetic aspects. Two factors suggest that the altered geometry of the thoracic cage in scoliosis is responsible for the mechanical inefficiency of the thoracopulmonary apparatus, namely: 1.

Osteosynthesis of closed femoral shaft fractures by plate fixation: indications and results.

Osteosynthesis of fractures of the shaft of the femur by plating is not so widely used as intramedullary nailing. It does, however, have precise indications in certain situations that preclude the use of nails or render them inadvisable. The purpose of the present paper is to make a contribution to this aspect of the problem, the literature on which is by no means extensive.

[Intercellular substance of connective tissue: collagen and mucopolysaccarides].

The paper deals with the more salient data on the principal components of the intercellular substance of connective tissue: collagen and mucopolysaccharides. With regard to collagen, is described the sub-microscopic structure of single units of "tropocollagen" and the interpretation of the periodic structure of fibrils, their organization in tissue as well as the synthesis and reabsorption of collagen itself is discussed. With reference to mucopolyaccharides, their chemical structure, distribution in the tissues and their relation with the protein component of the protein-polysaccharide complex is described.