Lung Cancer Surgery in Octogenarians: Implications and Advantages of Artificial Intelligence in the Preoperative Assessment.

The general world population is aging and patients are often diagnosed with early-stage lung cancer at an advanced age. Several studies have shown that age is not itself a contraindication for lung cancer surgery, and therefore, more and more octogenarians with early-stage lung cancer are undergoing surgery with curative intent. However, octogenarians present some peculiarities that make surgical treatment more challenging, so an accurate preoperative selection is mandatory.

Rare indications for a lung transplant. A European Society of Thoracic Surgeons survey.

Objectives: The European Society of Thoracic Surgeons Lung Transplantation Working Group promoted a survey to evaluate overall survival in a large cohort of patients receiving lung transplants for rare pulmonary diseases.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective multicentre study. The primary end point was overall survival; secondary end points were survival of patients with the most common diagnoses in the context of rare pulmonary diseases and chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD)-free survival.

Bedside Transcervical-Transtracheal Postintubation Injury Repair in a COVID-19 Patient.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread worldwide since December 2019. An acute respiratory distress syndrome develops in a relevant rate of patients, who require hospitalization. Among them, a nonnegligible rate of 9.

Use of Ceftazidime-Avibactam and Ceftolozane-Tazobactam After Lung Transplantation.

Introduction: After lung transplantation (LTx), infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are frequent and difficult to treat. Some new antibiotics seem to be effective in treating these infections.

Material And Methods: We describe our experience in treatment of Klebsiella pneumoniae MDR and Pseudomonas aeruginosa MDR infections with ceftazidime-avibactam (CEF-AVI) and ceftazidime-tazobactam (CEFT-TAZ) in patients who underwent LTx.

Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor After Lung Transplant-A Rare and Aggressive Complication: A Case Report.

Introduction: Malignant diseases are well-known complications after lung transplantation (LT). Among these, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare neoplasm with a not well-known and often aggressive biological behavior.

Material And Methods: We hereby describe 2 cases of cystic fibrosis patients who underwent bilateral sequential LT (BSLT) complicated by IMT.

Early clear cell "sugar" lung cancer management: A case report and a brief literature review.

A clear cell tumor is a histological entity that rarely originates outside of the kidney. We describe a rare case of a clear cell tumor of the lung, also known as "sugar cancer," that occurred in a 74 year-old male patient, and perform a brief literature review. This report highlights the importance of an adequate disease management team, including surgeons, oncologists, and pathologists, to identify the best therapeutic approach to improve survival rates and the quality of life of patients affected by this rare disease.

Colistin-based Treatment of Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative Bacterial Pulmonary Infections After Lung Transplantation.

Background: Lung transplantation (LT) is a viable option for a select group of patients with end-stage lung disease. However, infections are a major complication after LT, accounting for significant morbidity and mortality. Several germs may be responsible; multidrug-resistant Gram-negative (MDR-GN) bacteria are emerging.

Bronchoscopic treatment of emphysema: an update.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the major causes of disability and mortality. The efficacy of maximal medical treatment, although effective at the early stages of the disease, becomes limited when extensive alveolar destruction is the main cause of respiratory failure. At this stage of the disease more aggressive options, when feasible, should be considered.

Pulmonary metastasectomy in uterine malignancies: outcome and prognostic factors.

Background: This retrospective study is designed to evaluate factors affecting survival in a population of patients receiving pulmonary metastasectomy after gynecologic cancers.

Methods: Nineteen patients with isolated lung metastases (one or two) were surgically treated with R0 resection. Four of them underwent lobectomies.

Multimodality treatment of stage II thymic tumours.

Background: Complete resection for stage II thymic tumors can be easily accomplished even if the capsula and adjacent mediastinal tissue are macroscopically involved; however, also at this stage, recurrence may occur, particularly for B2, B3 and thymic carcinoma. The criteria for the administration of adjuvant therapy remain controversial and it is unclear whether patients at this stage may benefit from it. We reviewed a series of patients at this stage receiving adjuvant chemo-radiotherapy (chemo-RT) based on histology.

Evaluation of Renal Function in Patients Undergoing Lung Transplantation.

Background: Acute kidney injury and chronic kidney failure are serious complications after lung transplantation. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the primary indicator of renal function. Several equations have been proposed to evaluate the estimated GFR (eGFR).

Efficacy of Extracorporeal Photopheresis in Patients With Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome After Lung Transplantation.

Background: Lung transplantation (LT) is only therapeutic option for patients affected by chronic respiratory failure. Chronic rejection, also known as bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), is still the main cause of death and the most important factor that influences post-transplantation quality of life. Currently available therapies have not been proven to result in significant benefit in the prevention or treatment of BOS.

Impact of time interval between donor brain death and cold preservation on long-term outcome in lung transplantation.

Objectives: Brain death (BD) is associated with various systemic responses and a cascade of inflammatory reactions. It is still unknown how the time interval from BD to cold preservation (CP) affects outcome after lung transplantation (LTx). This report investigates the impact of the time interval from BD to CP on long-term outcome in LTx.

Primary inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the trachea.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) are rare neoplasms that can involve the airway. Recent studies have shown their malignant behavior with local recurrence and potential metastatic spread; half of the cases are associated with anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene rearrangement. Complete surgical resection is recommended, when feasible.

Uniportal video assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy: going directly from open surgery to a single port approach.

Uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopy (VATS) has gaining a special place in the thoracic surgery scenario; nowadays even major pulmonary resections can be performed through this approach. We hereby review our initial experience with uniportal VAT lobectomy, performed passing directly from the open approach to a single port approach. We attempted 26 lobectomies through VATS with a single incision of about 5 cm and 22 of them were completed: eight left lower lobectomies, six right upper lobectomies, five left upper lobectomies and three right lower lobectomies.

Role of cytokine profile in the differential diagnosis between acute lung rejection and pulmonary infections after lung transplantation†.

Objectives: Acute lung rejection (ALR) is a relatively frequent complication during the first year after lung transplantation (LT). It is characterized by perivascular/bronchial mononuclear inflammation mediated by several cytokines. The aim of our study was to monitor a panel of cytokines extracted from the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) during the first year after LT and correlate them with clinical ALR.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as bridge to lung transplantation.

Lung transplantation (OLT) is a viable option for end-stage pulmonary diseases in selected patients with satisfactory long-term results. However, the paucity of available donors engenders a prolonged stay on the waiting list with progressive decline of lung function. In cases of sudden respiratory failure, admission to an intensive care unit with institution of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) may be an option while a waiting an emergency OLT.

Lung transplantation for cystic fibrosis: outcome of 101 single-center consecutive patients.

Bilateral sequential lung transplantation (BSLT) is nowadays considered a valid therapeutic option for patients with end stage cystic fibrosis. We report our experience with 104 BSLTs in 101 patients. The overall survivals at 1, 3, 5, 10 years were 79%, 65%, 58%, and 42%, respectively.

Treatment of complex airway lesions after lung transplantation with self-expandable nitinol stents: early experience.

Airway complications (AC) are considered a serious cause of morbidity after lung transplantation (LT). Mechanical dilatation, laser vaporization, and silicone stent placement usually solve it. However, the use of self-expandable metallic stents (SENS) may be indicated in selected cases.