Synchronous Metastasis Rates in T1 Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database-based Study.

Background: Synchronous metastasis (SM) rates in T1 renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients relied on historical cohorts and may not take into account the favorable stage migration toward lower tumor size (TS) that occurred in more recent years.

Objective: To investigate SM rates in T1 RCC patients according to histological subtype (HS), tumor grade (TG), and TS.

Intervention: Partial nephrectomy, radical nephrectomy, focal ablation, and non-interventional management.

Metabolic Syndrome Predicts Worse Perioperative Outcomes in Patients Treated With Partial Nephrectomy for Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Objective: To test the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components (high blood pressure, body mass index [BMI]  ≥ 30, altered fasting glucose, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high triglycerides) on perioperative outcomes after partial nephrectomy (PN).

Methods: Within the National Inpatient Sample database (2000-2015) we identified all PN patients. First, temporal trends of MetS were reported.

Survival of Contemporary Patients With Non-metastatic Small-cell Carcinoma of Urinary Bladder, According to Alternative Treatment Modalities.

Background: The objective of this study was to test the effect of chemotherapy and/or radical cystectomy (RC) and/or radiotherapy (RT) on survival of patients with non-metastatic small-cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder (SCCUB).

Materials And Methods: Within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry (2001-2016), we identified patients with non-metastatic (T1-4, N0, M0) SCCUB. Treatment was defined as: chemotherapy alone, chemotherapy + RC, and chemotherapy + RT.

Effect of stage and grade migration on cancer specific mortality in renal cell carcinoma patients, according to clear cell vs. non-clear cell histology: A contemporary population-based analysis.

Objectives: To test the effect of stage and grade migration on cancer specific mortality (CSM) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients, according to clear cell (ccRCC) vs. non-ccRCC histology.

Methods And Materials: Within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry (2004-2015), we identified patients with ccRCC and non-ccRCC (papillary [papRCC], chromophobe [chRCC], sarcomatoid [sarcRCC], and collecting duct [cdRCC]).

Histotype predicts the rate of lymph node invasion at nephrectomy in patients with nonmetastatic renal cell carcinoma.

Background: Lymph node invasion (LNI) at nephrectomy is one of the most important predictors of mortality in patients with nonmetastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We analyzed the effect of histology on lymph node metastases at nephrectomy and its effect on survival in a contemporary cohort of patients with nonmetastatic RCC.

Methods: Within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (2004-2015), we identified 100,060 patients with clear-cell, papillary, chromophobe, sarcomatoid, and collecting duct RCC, who underwent nephrectomy with or without lymph node dissection for nonmetastatic RCC.

Contemporary conditional cancer-specific survival after radical nephroureterectomy in patients with nonmetastatic urothelial carcinoma of upper urinary tract.

Background And Objectives: To examine the effect of conditional survival on 5-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) probability after radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) in a contemporary cohort of patients with non-metastatic urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract (UTUC).

Methods: Within the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database (2004-2015), 6826 patients were identified. Conditional 5-year CSS estimates were assessed after event-free follow-up duration.

Correlations Among Subcutaneous Immunoglobulin Dosage, Immunoglobulin G Serum Pre-infusional Levels and Body Mass Index in Primary Antibody Deficiency Patients: A Pooled Analysis from the SHIFT/IBIS Studies.

Unlabelled: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In recent years, two Italian non-interventional studies evaluated subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIG) treatment in patients affected by primary antibody deficiency (PAD). The SHIFT study considered patients who were treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) or SCIG 16% (Vivaglobin) and then replaced this therapy with weekly treatments of SCIG 20% (Hizentra). The IBIS study evaluated patients previously taking a weekly SCIG 20% regimen, who instead began therapy with biweekly SCIG 20% to assess the correlation between the dose of immunoglobulin G (IgG) administered and the body mass index (BMI) of patients, determine if there is a need for dosage adjustments on a BMI basis, and identify the predictors of serum IgG trough levels in our cohort.

Survival After Partial Cystectomy for Variant Histology Bladder Cancer Compared With Urothelial Carcinoma: A Population-based Study.

Background: The present study tested cancer-specific (CSM) and overall mortality (OM) after partial cystectomy (PC) for variant histology bladder cancer (non-urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder UCUB), relative to UCUB and relative to radical cystectomy (RC).

Materials And Methods: Within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry (2001-2016), we identified patients with stage T1-T2N0M0 non-UCUB and UCUB who had undergone PC or RC. Non-UCUB included adenocarcinoma, squamous carcinoma, neuroendocrine carcinoma, and other histologic subtypes.

The effect of age on cancer-specific mortality in patients with prostate cancer: a population-based study across all stages.

Purpose: To test the effect of age on cancer-specific mortality (CSM) in most contemporary prostate cancer (PCa) patients of all stages and across all treatment modalities.

Methods: Within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (2004-2016), we identified 579,369 PCa patients. Cumulative incidence plots and multivariable competing-risks regression analyses (MCR) were used.

Racial and ethnic differences in survival in contemporary metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients, according to alternative treatment modalities.

Purpose: To test the association between African-American race and overall mortality (OM) rates in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).

Methods: Within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry (2006-2015), we identified patients with clear cell (ccmRCC) and non-clear cell mRCC (non-ccmRCC). African-Americans, Caucasians, and Hispanics were identified.

Survival of contemporary patients with non-metastatic urachal vs. non-urachal adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder.

Purpose: To test the effect of tumor location (urachal vs. non-urachal) on cancer-specific mortality (CSM) in patients with adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder (ADKUB).

Materials And Methods: Within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry (2004-2016), we identified patients with non-metastatic (≤ T4N0M0) ADKUB.

Characterization of the novel HLA-DPA1 allele, HLA-DPA1*01:27.

HLA-DPA1*01:27 differs from DPA1*01:03:01:01 by a single non-synonymous nucleotide change in codon 15 (ACG > ATG).

Conditional Survival of Patients With Nonmetastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: How Cancer-Specific Mortality Changes After Nephrectomy.

Background: Conditional survival (CS) may reveal important differences in cancer-specific mortality (CSM) among patients with nonmetastatic renal cell carcinoma (nmRCC). This study assessed CS according to T and N stages in patients treated surgically for nmRCC.

Patients And Methods: Within the SEER database (2001-2015), all patients with nmRCC treated with either partial or radical nephrectomy were identified.

Adiponectin Receptors and Pro-inflammatory Cytokines Are Modulated in Common Variable Immunodeficiency Patients: Correlation With Ig Replacement Therapy.

Adiponectin exerts beneficial pleiotropic effects through three receptors, AdipoR1, AdipoR2, and T-cadherin; it also exerts immunomodulatory effects. We previously demonstrated that adiponectin levels are altered in common variable immunodeficiency disease (CVID). The purpose of the present study was to investigate further the specific involvement of adiponectin in CVID by characterizing (i) the expression profile of adiponectin receptors on peripheral blood mononuclear cells; (ii) the levels of another relevant adipokine, namely leptin; (iii) the levels of five other cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, TNFα, and IFNγ) in 24 patients on maintenance therapy, in 18 treatment-naïve patients (before and 24 h after the first Ig infusion) and in 28 healthy controls.

Unmarried men have worse oncologic outcomes after radical cystectomy for nonmetastatic urothelial bladder cancer.

Background: Unmarried status is an established risk factor for worse cancer control outcomes and survival in various malignancies. We tested the effect of marital status on the rate of nonorgan confined disease as well as on cancer-specific mortality (CSM) in patients who underwent radical cystectomy for nonmetastatic urothelial bladder cancer (UCUB).

Methods: Within the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database (2007-2015), we identified 11,167 patients (8,639 men and 2,528 women) who underwent radical cystectomy for nonmetastatic UCUB.

Radial artery dilatation to improve access and lower complications during coronary angiography: the RADIAL trial.

Aims: The aim of this study was to explore the use of prolonged occlusion flow-mediated dilatation (PO-FMD) to dilate the radial artery prior to cannulation to increase cannulation success, reduce puncture attempts and reduce access-site complications in transradial coronary angiography.

Methods And Results: A total of 1,156 patients undergoing transradial coronary angiography were randomised into PO-FMD and sham PO-FMD groups. PO-FMD was achieved by a 10-minute inflation of a blood pressure cuff on the arm to above systolic pressure, followed by deflation with resultant radial artery dilation.

Increasing Rates of Perioperative Chemotherapy are Associated With Improved Survival in Men With Urothelial Bladder Cancer With Prostatic Stromal Invasion.

Background: Our objective was to test whether the rates of perioperative chemotherapy (CHT) administration in patients with urothelial bladder cancer (UCUB) with prostatic stromal invasion (pT4a) changed over time. Moreover, we tested the effect of CHT on overall mortality (OM), as well as on cancer-specific mortality (CSM) in this patient population.

Materials And Methods: Within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (2004-2016), we identified 1513 men with non-metastatic UCUB with prostatic stromal invasion who underwent radical cystectomy with lymph node dissection, with or without CHT administration.

Prostate cancer characteristics and cancer-specific mortality of Native American patients.

Background: Historical epidemiological data indicate that Native American patients may have worse prostate cancer (PCa) characteristics than Caucasian patients (CAP). To test for cancer-specific mortality (CSM) differences among Native American vs. CAP, the most contemporary version of the SEER database (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database [2004-2016]) was used.

Patient frailty predicts worse perioperative outcomes and higher cost after radical cystectomy.

Background: Relatively few studies investigated the importance of frailty in radical cystectomy (RC) patients. We tested the ability of frailty, using the Johns Hopkins Adjusted Clinical Groups indicator, to predict early perioperative outcomes after RC.

Methods: RC patients were identified within the National Inpatient Sample database (2000-2015).

Ribosomal protein uL3 targets E2F1 and Cyclin D1 in cancer cell response to nucleolar stress.

Several experimental strategies in the treatment of cancer include drug alteration of cell cycle regulatory pathways as a useful strategy. Extra-ribosomal functions of human ribosomal protein L3 (uL3) may affect DNA repair, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In the present study, we demonstrated that uL3 is required for the activation of G1/S transition genes.

Survival outcomes of radical prostatectomy vs. external beam radiation therapy in prostate cancer patients with Gleason Score 9-10 at biopsy: A population-based analysis.

Purpose: Gleason Score (GS) 9-10 prostate cancer is associated with particularly adverse oncological outcomes and the optimal treatment is unknown. Therefore, cancer-specific mortality (CSM) rates after radical prostatectomy (RP) ± adjuvant radiation therapy (aRT) vs. external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) were tested.

Clozapine-associated secondary antibody deficiency.

Purpose Of Review: Clozapine has recently been described as a novel cause of secondary antibody deficiency (SAD), associated with long-term therapy. Here we critically review the evidence linking clozapine use to an increased infection risk, describe immunological alterations, and discuss potential mechanisms.

Recent Findings: Individuals with schizophrenia are at two to five times more likely to develop pneumonia than the general population, in particular, when receiving clozapine.