Diversity, community engagement and co-design in research: a rapid review.

There is increasing recognition in the field of health and social care research that community-engaged methods should include patients and the public throughout the research process. Therefore, individuals from all backgrounds should be involved in the research. We explored the public and patient engagement experience in research and how researchers and community groups can work together to make the research process more inclusive and sustainable.

Advanced Nurse Practitioner (ANPs) experiences of the Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF) Scheme: a UK case study.

Objectives: The primary focus of pay-for-performance (P4P) schemes in the UK has traditionally been related to the public health and inclusion elements related to the activities of doctors with comparatively less attention given to nursing care as a component of the scheme. However, nursing is an integral part of healthcare delivery in the National Health Service and nurses constitute the major group of healthcare professionals in most countries. Our aim was to explore advanced nurse practitioner (ANPs) experiences of the Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF), using the Implicit Leadership Theory (ILT) frame.

Policy formulation and actor roles in the expanded Kenyan free maternity policy (Linda Mama): A policy analysis.

In 2013, Kenya implemented free maternity services, later expanded in 2016 into the 'Linda Mama' policy to provide essential health services for pregnant women. This study explored the policy formulation background, processes, content, and actors' roles in formulation and implementation. Using a convergent parallel mixed-methods case study design, we reviewed documents and conducted in-depth interviews with national stakeholders, county officials, and healthcare workers.

In vivo Assessment of AMP2, a Novel Ceramic-Binding BMP-2, in Ovine Lumbar Interbody Fusion.

Study Design: Assessment of bone formation in an ovine interbody fusion study.

Objective: To compare OsteoAdapt SP, which consists of AMP-2, a modified variant of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP-2) bound to a tricalcium phosphate-containing carrier, to autologous iliac crest bone graft (ICBG) in a lumbar interbody fusion model.

Summary Of Background Data: Treatment of lumbar disk degeneration often involves spinal fusion to reduce pain and motion at the affected spinal segment by insertion of a cage containing bone graft material.

Examining the quality of care across the continuum of maternal care (antenatal, perinatal and postnatal care) under the expanded free maternity policy (Linda Mama Policy) in Kenya: a mixed-methods study.

Background: Kenya still faces the challenge of mothers and neonates dying from preventable pregnancy-related complications. The free maternity policy (FMP), implemented in 2013 and expanded in 2017 (Linda Mama Policy (LMP)), sought to address this challenge. This study examines the quality of care (QoC) across the continuum of maternal care under the LMP in Kenya.

Exploring the Adaptations of the Free Maternity Policy Implementation by Health Workers and County Officials in Kenya.

Background: In 2017, Kenya launched the free maternity policy (FMP) that aimed to provide all pregnant women access to maternal services in private, faith-based, and levels 3-6 public institutions. We explored the adaptive strategies health care workers (HCWs) and county officials used to bridge the implementation challenges and achieve the FMP objectives.

Methods: We conducted an exploratory qualitative study using Lipsky's theoretical framework in 3 facilities (levels 3, 4, and 5) in Kiambu County, Kenya.

The effect of general practice team composition and climate on staff and patient experiences: a systematic review.

Background: Recent policy initiatives seeking to address the workforce crisis in general practice have promoted greater multidisciplinarity. Evidence is lacking on how changes in staffing and the relational climate in practice teams affect the experiences of staff and patients.

Aim: To synthesise evidence on how the composition of the practice workforce and team climate affect staff job satisfaction and burnout, and the processes and quality of care for patients.

Is It Time to Explore the Health Policy Process Within Governance and Health Systems Frameworks? Comment on "Modelling the Health Policy Process: One Size Fits All or Horses for Courses?".

There is clearly a need to improve the use of more robust policy theory on health policy analysis. Powell and Mannion in an editorial on the relationship between health policy analysis and the wider field of public policy theory note, as others have done before, the limited application of policy theory in health policy analysis. However, they also highlight that within the health policy analysis arena new models have emerged which have wider use within policy analysis such as the health policy triangle.

The effect of becoming a Fistula Advocate on the recovery of women with Obstetric Fistula in Sierra Leone: A qualitative study.

Engaging women affected by Obstetric Fistula as advocates has been proposed as an effective strategy to raise awareness of the condition. Limited literature exists on the experience of those who become advocates. A model of community education, in Sierra Leone, trained women affected by Obstetric Fistula to become volunteer Fistula Advocates.

Research engagement and research capacity building: a priority for healthcare organisations in the UK.

Purpose: To research involvement of healthcare staff in the UK and identify practical organisational and policy solutions to improve and boost capacity of the existing workforce to conduct research.

Design/methodology/approach: A mixed-method study presenting three work packages here: secondary analysis of levels of staff research activity, funding, academic outputs and workforce among healthcare organisations in the United Kingdom; 39 Research and Development lead and funder interviews; an online survey of 11 healthcare organisations across the UK, with 1,016 responses from healthcare staff included for analysis; and 51 interviews of healthcare staff in different roles from six UK healthcare organisations.

Findings: Interest in research involvement is strong and widespread but hampered by a lack of systematic organisational support despite national policies and strategies to increase staff engagement in research.

Does a free maternity policy in Kenya work? Impact and cost-benefit consideration based on demographic health survey data.

This paper evaluates the overall effect of the Kenyan free maternity policy (FMP) on the main outcomes (early neonatal and neonatal deaths) and intermediate outcomes (delivery through Caesarean Section (CS), skilled birth attendance (SBA), birth in a public hospital and low birth weight (LBW)) using the 2014 Demographic Health Survey. We applied the difference-in-difference (DID) approach to compare births (to the same mothers) happening before and after the start of the policy (June 2013) and a limited cost-benefit analysis (CBA) to assess the net social benefit of the FMP. The probabilities of birth resulting in early neonatal and neonatal mortality are significantly reduced by 17-21% and 19-20%, respectively, after the FMP introduction.

What are the impacts of setting up new medical schools? A narrative review.

Background: The growth of the UK's population together with an aging society with increasingly complex health and social care needs has placed a greater demand on statutory care services. In view of this emerging landscape, the UK Government has sought to increase its medically trained workforce in order to better respond to the demands placed on the health service. Five universities were announced as homes to new medical schools offering undergraduate places to boost the numbers of doctors training in England.

Evaluation of the introduction of QOF quality improvement modules in English general practice: early findings from a rapid, qualitative exploration of implementation.

Background: A 2018 review of the English primary care pay-for-performance scheme, the Quality and Outcomes Framework, suggested that it should evolve to better support holistic, patient-centred care and leadership for quality improvement (QI). From 2019, as part of the vision of change, financially incentivised QI cycles (initially in prescribing safety and end-of-life care), were introduced into the scheme.

Objectives: To conduct a rapid evaluation of general practice staff attitudes, experiences and plans in relation to the implementation of the first two QI modules.

General practitioners' views on retaining Singapore's primary care doctors: a cross-sectional survey and qualitative analysis.

Background: To support its ageing population and the increasing need for chronic care in the community, Singapore needs to boost the number of doctors in its primary care workforce. To better understand how to improve doctor retention and build a more robust primary care system, we conducted a cross-sectional survey with doctors in general practice and family medicine to explore their career satisfaction, their career plans, factors related to their plans to leave, and their view on retaining GPs in primary care.

Methods: An anonymous online survey was distributed to general practitioners working in the public and private sectors.

Adult Cognitive Outcomes Following Childhood Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Scoping Review.

Objective: This review aimed to (1) summarize the existing literature regarding cognitive outcomes in adults with a history of pediatric mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and (2) identify gaps in the literature to provide directions for future research.

Participants: Participants sustained mTBI in childhood (0-17 years of age) and underwent cognitive assessment in adulthood (older than 18 years) at least 1 year postinjury.

Design: MEDLINE Ovid and PsycINFO Ovid databases were searched to identify original research studies that examined adult cognitive outcomes after childhood mTBI.

Health system resilience and health workforce capacities: Comparing health system responses during the COVID-19 pandemic in six European countries.

Background: The health workforce is a key component of any health system and the present crisis offers a unique opportunity to better understand its specific contribution to health system resilience. The literature acknowledges the importance of the health workforce, but there is little systematic knowledge about how the health workforce matters across different countries.

Aims: We aim to analyse the adaptive, absorptive and transformative capacities of the health workforce during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (January-May/June 2020), and to assess how health systems prerequisites influence these capacities.

Net illumination reduces fisheries bycatch, maintains catch value, and increases operational efficiency.

Small-scale fisheries are vital for food security, nutrition, and livelihoods in coastal areas throughout the world's oceans. As intricately linked social-ecological systems, small-scale fisheries require management approaches that help ensure both ecological and socioeconomic sustainability. Given their ease of use and lucrative nature, coastal gillnet fisheries are globally ubiquitous.

Priorities for family physician and general practitioner recruitment and retention in Singapore: a PRIORITIZE study.

Background: A shortage of primary care physicians has been reported in many countries. Primary care systems are diverse and the challenges leading to a decline in workforce are at times context-specific and require tailored solutions. Inviting frontline clinicians to share their insights can help identify optimal strategies for a particular setting.

Effects of free maternal policies on quality and cost of care and outcomes: an integrative review.

Aim: We conducted an integrative review of the global-free maternity (FM) policies and evaluated the quality of care (QoC) and cost and cost implications to provide lessons for universal health coverage (UHC).

Methodology: Using integrative review methods proposed by Whittemore and Knafl (2005), we searched through EBSCO Host, ArticleFirst, Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials, Emerald Insight, JSTOR, PubMed, Springer Link, Electronic collections online, and Google Scholar databases guided by the preferred reporting item for systematic review and meta-analysis protocol (PRISMA) guideline. Only empirical studies that described FM policies with components of quality and cost were included.

Incorporating the interaction between health and work into the undergraduate medical curriculum - a qualitative evaluation of a teaching pilot in English medical schools.

: There is a growing recognition of the impact of work on health both positive and negative. It is important that all health care professionals are equipped to understand the effects of work and worklessness on health and help patients remain in work or manage a healthy return to work where appropriate. Despite explicit reference to health and work in the General Medical Council's , currently, this is not a theme that is integrated across the undergraduate medical curricula.

Changes in patient experience associated with growth and collaboration in general practice: observational study using data from the UK GP Patient Survey.

Background: For the last few years, English general practices - which are, traditionally, small - have been encouraged to serve larger populations of registered patients by merging or collaborating with each other. Meanwhile, patient surveys have suggested that continuity of care and access to care are worsening.

Aim: To explore whether increasing the size of the practice population and working collaboratively are linked to changes in continuity of care or access to care.