Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation for Patients With SCLC-A New Perspective in the Immunotherapy Era.

Prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) has long been used for SCLC to reduce the risk of brain metastases and potentially improve overall survival. Nevertheless, recent immunotherapy trials have provided limited data on its impact, as few patients were treated with PCI. The ADRIATIC trial reported improved outcomes with consolidation immunotherapy in limited-stage SCLC, and PCI was a stratification factor.

Complex sporulation-specific expression of transcription termination factor Rho highlights its involvement in Bacillus subtilis cell differentiation.

Termination factor Rho, responsible for the main factor-dependent pathway of transcription termination and the major inhibitor of antisense transcription, is an emerging regulator of various physiological processes in microorganisms. In Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis, Rho is involved in the control of cell adaptation to starvation and, in particular, in the control of sporulation, a complex differentiation program leading to the formation of a highly resistant dormant spore. While the initiation of sporulation requires a decrease in Rho protein levels during the transition to stationary phase, the mechanisms regulating the expression of rho gene throughout the cell cycle remain largely unknown.

The hepatokine FGF21 stopped lipogenesis and reduced testosterone production in mLTC-1 Leydig Cell Line.

Beyond their link to metabolic issues like type 2 diabetes, factors like lifestyle, environment, and excess weight may also influence fertility. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a liver-derived hormone linked to energy balance, has recently emerged as a potential player in female mammalian reproduction. In male, only two studies have described potential effects of FGF21 on fertility.

Impact of pembrolizumab treatment duration on overall survival and prognostic factors in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a nationwide retrospective cohort study.

Background: The efficacy of front-line pembrolizumab has been established in studies that limit treatment duration to 2 years, but decision to stop pembrolizumab after 2 years is often at physician's discretion. ATHENA is a retrospective cohort study using a comprehensive administrative database aimed firstly at exploring the optimal duration of pembrolizumab and secondly real-life prognosis factors in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: Using the French National Health Insurance database (SNDS), we identified patients with incident lung cancer in France from 2015 to 2022.

Vena cava leiomyosarcoma surgery results in a retrospective cohort of 41 patients from two centers.

Background: Leiomyosarcoma of the vena cava (LMS-VC) is a rare entity with poor oncological outcomes and a lack of histological staging prognostic factors.

Methods: Outcomes of consecutive patients operated on LMS-VC between March 2003 and May 2022, in two specialized sarcoma centers were reported.

Result: Forty-one patients were identified.

Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Centrally Located Inoperable Early-Stage NSCLC: EORTC 22113-08113 LungTech Phase II Trial Results.

Introduction: The international phase II single-arm LungTech trial 22113-08113 of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer assessed the safety and efficacy of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in patients with centrally located early-stage NSCLC.

Methods: Patients with inoperable non-metastatic central NSCLC (T1-T3 N0 M0, ≤7cm) were included. After prospective central imaging review and radiation therapy quality assurance for any eligible patient, SBRT (8 × 7.

A correlated light and electron microscopy approach to study the subcellular localization of phosphorylated vimentin in human lung tissue.

Correlative microscopy is an important approach for bridging the resolution gap between fluorescence light and electron microscopy. Here, we describe a fast and simple method for correlative immunofluorescence and immunogold labeling on the same section to elucidate the localization of phosphorylated vimentin (P-Vim), a robust feature of pulmonary vascular remodeling in cells of human lung small arteries. The lung is a complex, soft and difficult tissue to prepare for transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

Postoperative radiotherapy results in 192 epithelial thymic tumours patients with 10 years of follow-up.

Purpose: To assess the prognostic factors and patterns of failure of patients consecutively treated with surgery and postoperative radiation therapy (PORT) for thymic epithelial tumours (TET).

Patients And Methods: Data from 192 TET patients who were operated and received PORT at a single centre from 1990 to 2019 was retrospectively analysed.

Results: Most patients had thymoma (77 %, B247%), were classified Masaoka-Koga stage III (35 %) or IV (32 %) and had a R0 (75 %) resection.

Recommendations for Post-Operative RadioTherapy After Complete Resection of Thymoma-a French DELPHI Consensus Initiative.

Introduction: Thymomas are rare intrathoracic malignancies that can relapse after surgery. Whether or not Post-Operative RadioTherapy (PORT) should be delivered after surgery remains a major issue. RADIORYTHMIC is an ongoing, multicenter, randomized phase 3 trial addressing this question in patients with completely R0 resected Masaoka-Koga stage IIb/III thymoma.

Role of KCNK3 Dysfunction in Dasatinib-associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Endothelial Cell Dysfunction.

Pulmonary arterial (PA) hypertension (PAH) is a severe cardiopulmonary disease that may be triggered by exposure to drugs such as dasatinib or facilitated by genetic predispositions. The incidence of dasatinib-associated PAH is estimated at 0.45%, suggesting individual predispositions.

Long-Term Outcomes After Concurrent Once- or Twice-Daily Chemoradiation in Limited-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Brief Report From the CONVERT Trial.

Purpose: CONVERT was a phase 3 international randomized clinical trial comparing once-daily (OD) and twice-daily (BD) radiation therapy (RT). This updated analysis describes the 6.5-year outcomes of these regimens delivered with conformal techniques.

Mutation of SOCS2 induces structural and functional changes in mammary development.

Lactation is an essential process for mammals. In sheep, the R96C mutation in suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2) protein is associated with greater milk production and increased mastitis sensitivity. To shed light on the involvement of R96C mutation in mammary gland development and lactation, we developed a mouse model carrying this mutation (SOCS2KI/KI).

Radiotherapy in the management of lung oligometastases.

In recent years, the development of both medical imaging and new systemic agents (targeted therapy and immunotherapy) have revolutionized the field of oncology, leading to a new entity: oligometastatic disease. Adding local treatment of oligometastases to systemic treatment could lead to prolonged survival with no significant impact on quality of life. Given the high prevalence of lung oligometastases and the new systemic agents coming with increased pulmonary toxicity, this article provides a comprehensive review of the current state-of-art for radiotherapy of lung oligometastases.

Management of oligometastatic/metastatic sarcomas and place of local treatments with focus on modern radiotherapy approaches.

Soft tissue sarcomas are a rare and heterogeneous disease. For localized disease, treatment is based on surgery and radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy depending on risk factors. Upfront metastases are present in 7 to 20% of cases, and are localized to the lungs in most of cases.

Desmoid-type fibromatosis: Current therapeutic strategies and future perspectives.

Desmoid tumors (DT) are rare, slow-growing, locally invasive soft tissue tumors that often pose significant therapeutic challenges. Traditional management strategies including active surveillance, surgery, radiotherapy, and systemic therapy which are associated with varying recurrence rates and high morbidity. Given the challenging nature of DT and the modest outcomes associated with current treatment strategies, there has been a growing interest in the field of γ-secretase inhibitors as a result of its action on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Molecular mechanisms underlying the structural diversity of rhamnose-rich cell wall polysaccharides in lactococci.

In Gram-positive bacteria, cell wall polysaccharides (CWPS) play critical roles in bacterial cell wall homeostasis and bacterial interactions with their immediate surroundings. In lactococci, CWPS consist of two components: a conserved rhamnan embedded in the peptidoglycan layer and a surface-exposed polysaccharide pellicle (PSP), which are linked together to form a large rhamnose-rich CWPS (Rha-CWPS). PSP, whose structure varies from strain to strain, is a receptor for many bacteriophages infecting lactococci.